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1、进给系统刚度匹配及动力学特性分析Stiffness Matching and Dynamic PropertiesAnalysis for the Ball Screw FeedDrive System 天津大学研究生学院二零一三年十二月独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的 研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表 或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 天津大学 或其他教育机构的学位或证 书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中 作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名：签字日期：年 月 日学位
2、论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解 天津大学 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权 天津大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检 索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校 向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明）学位论文作者签名：导师签名：签字日期： 年 月 日签字日期： 年 月 日摘要滚珠丝杠进给系统是数控机床的重要组成部分，其性能的优劣直接影响到机床的定位精度和工件的加工精度。进给系统的刚度和动力学特性会对定位精度和切削稳定性产生重大影响，因此对于滚珠丝杠进给系统刚度匹配和动力学特性研究具有很高
3、的工程应用价值。本文以滚珠丝杠进给系统为研究对象，主要针对进给系统，从静刚度匹配、有限元建模与仿真分析、机电耦合动力学仿真分析和静刚度实验方法四个方面进行了研究，具体工作如下：(1) 以赫兹接触理论和基本力学原理为基础，考虑到各环节刚度的串联关系，建 立了进给系统静刚度模型。通过对该模型分析计算，得到了几何参数、预紧 力、轴承支承形式等因素对进给系统静刚度的影响规律，结合实际工艺情况， 提出了进给系统静刚度匹配的基本原则；考虑导轨滑块结合面刚度，建立了 静力切削下的工件变形模型，得到了导轨跨距、滑块布置对于变形的影响规 律。 (2) 基于 SAMCEF 软件建立了某卧式加工中心 Z 轴滚珠丝杠
4、进给系统的有限元 模型。通过对进给系统进行模态分析及谐响应分析，得到了工作台材料属性、 丝杠的直径及结合面刚度对于轴向振动固有频率的影响规律。 (3) 以基本动力学理论为基础，建立了进给系统机电耦合的动力学模型，该模型 在传统模型基础上考虑了进给系统沿丝杠方向刚度不等及非线性摩擦等因 素，使之更加接近真实物理模型。通过 SIMULINK 软件对模型进行仿真分析， 得到了机械结构参数和伺服系统增益对进给系统动力响应的影响规律。 (4) 通过使用测力环、千分表、加载装置和相应的辅助工具，针对实际机床结构， 提出一种进给系统静刚度测试方法，对某卧式加工中心 Y 轴进给系统多个轴 向位置的静刚度进行了
5、测试。实验数据与理论计算结果基本一致，证明了静 刚度理论模型的有效性。 关键词： 滚珠丝杠 进给系统 刚度匹配 动力学建模IABSTRACTAs a major component of a modern NC machine tool, the performances of the ball screw feed drive system affect the positioning accuracy and the manufacturing quality of the workpiece directly. The stiffness and dynamic properties o
6、f the system influence positioning accuracy and cutting stability a lot, so the research on stiffness matching and dynamic analysis of the ball screw drive has a high application value. Four aspects on the ball screw feed drive system are studied in the dissertation: stiffness matching method on the
7、 ball screw drive, finite element modeling and simulation, electromechanical-coupled dynamics modeling and static stiffness experimental research. The main works and contributions are as follows:(1) The static stiffness model of the ball screw feed drive system is established based on Hertz contact
8、theory and basic principle of mechanics considering that the relation of each stiffness value is in series. Through simulation calculation, the effects of geometry parameters, pre-load and the way bearings support the ball screw on the static stiffness of ball screw drive are obtained. Considering t
9、he real cases, the basic principle of stiffness matching of the ball srew feed drive system is obtained; considering the guide rail and slide interface stiffness, the workpiece deformations model under static force are derived. The span of guide rails has an effect on the deformations. (2) The finit
10、e element model (FEM) of a machine centers feed drive system in Z axis is established with joint parameters added in based on SAMCEF. By modal and harmonic response analysis, the influences of the material properties of the worktable, diameter of the ball screw and joint parameters on the natural fr
11、equency of axial vibration are derived. (3) The electromechanical-coupled dynamics model of the feed drive system is established by taking the nonlinear friction and the non-constant stiffness along ball screw axis into consideration based on basic kinetic theory. The model is more similar to the re
12、al physics model than traditional ones. By analyzing the model with SIMULINK, the influences of mechanical and servo parameters on the dynamic response are derived. (4) By using a dynamometer, dial indicator, loading device and other assistive tools, a IImethod for measuring the static stiffness of
13、the feed drive system is achieved. By contrasting the static stiffness experimental values of the feed drive system in Y axis of a machine center in different positions with theoretical values, the static stiffness model is proved right.KEY WORDS: Ball Screw, Feed Drive System, Stiffness Matching, DynamicsModelingIII目录 摘要 .I ABSTRACT .II 第一章 绪论 .11.1 课题研究背景与意义 .11.2 进给系统国内外研究现状 .2
