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1、动词动词的含义动词是表示动作或状态的词,在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式: 动词原形、 过去式、 现在分词和过去分词。 动词的种类: 类别 特点 举例 及物动词(vt) 跟宾语 I like music. 不及物动词(vi) 不跟宾语 It rained last night. 系动词 跟表语 I am a doctor. She is a nurse. We are very happy. 助动词 跟动词原形或分词 I dont like playing basketball. I have seen this movie before. 情态动词 跟动词原形She can speak Jap
2、anese. 动词时态 一般现在时 (3种结构)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;或普遍真理、客观事实;或某种状态。 “主谓(宾)”结构 Peter always spends too much time playing computer games. Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning. I like listening to classical music. “There be”结构 There is a map on the wall. There are some birds in the sky. “主系表”结构 Its ve
3、ry cold today. The earth is bigger than the moon. My father is a teacher. 动词第三人称单数动词特征构成例词一般动词词尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾记忆技巧:吃(ch)蛇(sh,s)后喝XO词尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes(发送传真)以y结尾辅音字母+y,变y为i,再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playssta
4、y-stayssay-says 一般过去时 (3种结构)表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式. 动词过去式 及 过去分词的构成 规则变化 构成法 词例 (1) 一般情况下加 ed work - worked - worked play - played - played (2) 以 e 结尾的,加 d live - lived - lived like - liked - liked (3) 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的,改 y为i, 再加 ed. study - studied - studied cry - cried - cried (4) 以重读闭音节 或
5、r音节 结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed. stop - stopped - stopped prefer - preferred - preferred refer-referred-referred occur-occurred-occurred 不规则变化 (参考课本) 一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last(week/ month/ year/Sunday -) this -;just now; - ago; after -; when - 等等。 注:当谓语动词是行为动词时,肯定句用动
6、词的过去式表达,构成疑问句或否定句时,需借助did或didnt构成,谓语动词要还原成原形。例如:I went to the zoo yesterday.My mother didnt go to the park last weekend.Did Jim come to see you last night?. 现在进行时 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。 (只有延续性动词有进行时; 非延续性动词没有进行时 ) 主语 + 系动词(am / is / are )+ 现在分词 现在分词的构成 构成法 词例 (1) 一般情况下加 ing. work - working; learn - learnin
7、g (2) 以 e 结尾的,去掉e,再加 ing. live - living; take - taking (3) 以重读闭音节 或 r 音节 结尾,且末尾只有一个 辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加 ing. sit - sitting; stop - stopping chat - chatting; refer - referring (4) 以 ie 结尾的,要改ie 为y,再加 ing. tie - tying; lie - lying 现在进行时的标志:Look; Listen; now; at the moment / at present Look. Alice is r
8、eading a magazine over there. Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song. Alice is talking to Peter now. Im learning Japanese at the moment. 特殊情况: 非延续性动词 没有进行时,它们的现在分词形式 表示 将来时。主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词:表示将来时。Im going to school now. Mary is leaving for New York soon. Spring Festival is coming. Im arriving in Beijing.过去进行时 表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。 主语 + 系动词(was / were )+ 现在分词 David was doing his homework at 8 oclock yesterday. I was doing my homework at his time yesterday. Tom was hav