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1、初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列三点剖析单词典句考点 soap n.肥皂【经典例句】 She washed her hands with soap.她用肥皂洗手。【考点聚焦】1)soap是不可数名词;2)常见搭配:soap opera指“肥皂剧”。【活学活用】1.单句改错I want to buy a soap. 答案：soap改成a piece of soapaccept v. 接受【经典例句】I accepted his invitation.我接受了他的邀请。【考点聚焦】1)常作及物动词,后接名词或代词;2)同义词辨析:accept强调主观上接受;receive强调客观上收到,如:Ive
2、received a gift from him,but Im not going to accept it.我收到了他送的礼物,但是我不准备接受。【活学活用】2.选择Ive just a letter from my parents.A.receivedB.acceptedC.getD.written答案：Aboth pron.两者【经典例句】 Both of them like popular songs.他们两人都喜欢流行歌曲。【考点聚焦】 1)both指“两者都”,all指“三者或三者以上都”;both的反义词是neither,all的反义词是none;2)both在句中放在be动词、
3、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前;3)常见搭配:both.and.“既又”,作主语时谓语用复数;反义词组neither.nor.“既不也不”,遵循近主语原则。【活学活用】3.改为否定句Both Jane and Jay have gone to the Great Wall. 答案：Neither Jane nor Jay has gone to the Great Wall.instead adv.代替【经典例句】 If you cannot go,let him go instead.如果你不能去,让他替你去。【考点聚焦】1)instead作状语,用在句首或句末,如:He didnt a
4、nswer my question.Instead,he asked me a question.他没回答我的问题,而是又问了我一个问题。2)常见搭配:instead of表示“代替,而不是”,后接名词、代词或动名词,如:He will go to England instead of you.他将代替你去英国。【活学活用】 4.根据汉语完成句子They are (正在喝咖啡而不是下棋). 答案：drinking coffee instead of playing chesslitter n. 垃圾【经典例句】 There is litter everywhere on the ground.
5、地上到处都是垃圾。【考点聚焦】1)同义词:rubbish/garbage/junk;2)常见搭配:drop litter 扔垃圾;litter本身也可作动词,“乱丢,乱扔”之意,如:Dont litter.勿乱丢杂物。cover v. 覆盖【经典例句】 Snow covered the ground.雪覆盖了地面。【考点聚焦】1)常作及物动词,用于cover.with.搭配中,意思是“用把覆盖起来”,如:She covered the table with a cloth.她用一块布把桌子罩起来。2)cover还可用作名词,“封面”之意。如:The book needs a new cover
6、.这书需要装个新封面。【活学活用】5.选词填空The girl covered her face (by,with) her hands.答案：with短语典句考点do some cleaning 打扫卫生【经典例句】 After school I often do some cleaning.放学后我常打扫卫生。【考点聚焦】1)常用在肯定句中,否定句中some变为any;2)类似表达还有:do some washing 洗衣服;do some reading 读书;do some shopping 购物。be different from 与不同【经典例句】 Lucy is differen
7、t from her sister.露茜和她妹妹不同。【考点聚焦】1)要注意这里的from是介词,后面接名词或代词。2)反义词组:be the same as. 和相同,一样。3)difference n.不同点,区别;differently adv. 不同地。【活学活用】6.用different的正确形式填空1)Whats the between them?2)Is this pen from that one?3)There are five between the two pictures.答案：1)difference2)different3)differenceswash up 洗餐
8、具【经典例句】 We helped Mom to wash the plates up.我们帮妈妈洗了盘子。【考点聚焦】 1)wash up还有“洗手、洗脸”的意思;2)常见up搭配:use up 用完;eat up 吃完;think up 想出;give up 放弃;get up 起床,起身;stand up 起立。【活学活用】7.选择以上up短语填空1）Could you give me some money?Ive all my money.2）The doctor asked him smoking.3）He always good ideas.答案：1)used up2)to giv
9、e up3)thinks up句子剖析拓展But in the USA,when someone gives you a present,you must open it immediately.但在美国,当有人送你礼物时,你必须立即打开。【剖析】1)这是个由when引导的时间状语从句,意思是“当的时候”;2)immediately=at once,“立刻,马上”的意思。【拓展】注意someone=somebody,作主语时谓语用单数。You must say Mr and Mrs when you speak to older people,but you can use first nam
10、es with your friends.你在和老人说话时,必须说某某先生或某某女士,但跟朋友只叫名字就可以。【剖析】1)这是个but连接的并列句,表示转折;2)前半部分含有when引导的从句。【拓展】要了解外国的称呼,称呼长辈或老人要加Mr/Mrs,未婚女士加Miss。You mustnt use your hands,and you cant use chopsticks,because there arent any.你不可以用手,你也不能用筷子,因为根本没有(筷子)。【剖析】这是个由and连接的并列句,and后又含有一个because引导的从句;【拓展】mustnt表示“禁止,不可以”
11、,语气强烈;cant表示“不能”,语气较mustnt要弱。The girl who catches them will be next to get married.接住花束的女孩将成为下一个结婚的人。【剖析】1)who catches them是定语从句,修饰 The girl;2)不定式to get married作定语修饰next。【拓展】定语从句修饰名词置于名词之后。The boy (who is from Beijing) works very hard.（来自北京的）那个男孩学习很努力。语法剖析 情态动词must梳理归纳（1）must表示说话人的主观意志,意为“必须”,这种必须多出
12、于义务、责任或强制命令。如:You must do it yourself.你必须自己做。（2）must还可以表示推测,意为“一定”,语气较为肯定,只用在肯定句中。如:This book must be Jims because it has his name on it.这本书一定是吉姆的,因为上面有他的名字。相关链接（1）对must引起的一般疑问句,作肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt。如:Must I finish it today?我必须今天做完吗?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的,必须。/不,不用。（2）must的否定形式mustnt表示“禁止,不
13、允许”。如:The children mustnt play in the street.孩子们不可以在街上玩。典题精讲经典题型例1Li Lei cant go hiking with us today,because he take care of his sick mother.A.has toB.mayC.mustntD.neednt思路解析：句意为“李雷今天不能与我们一起去远足了,因为他得照顾他生病的母亲”。B项 may意为“可能”;C项 mustnt表示“不允许、禁止”;D项 neednt表示“不必”。has to 表示“必须”,而且强调是由于客观原因造成的，所以选择A。绿色通道：情
14、态动词在语气上有区别,法则、规定等强制性的行为常用must。情态动词表示的可能性有弱到强的顺序依次为may,can,must。例2He doesnt know if she .If she ,he wont,either.A.will leave;leavesB.leaves;doesnt leaveC.leaves;will leaveD.will leave;doesnt leave思路解析：本题中一方面考查时态,另一方面考查的是if这个词的用法,当“如果”讲时,引导的从句与主句呼应,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;当“是否”讲时,随主句决定,本句中用一般将来时。答案:D例3Is there I can do for you?A.anything importantB.something importantC.important anythingD.imp
