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1、一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用1. 错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”（混合条件句），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。1）想象的过去事件可能对现在或将来有影响Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able give you more help.2）想象的过去事件可能对现在正在进行的动作有影响If you had not given me a lift, I would be walking in the rain
2、now.3)非真实的常常是想象中的现在状态，可能对过去有影响If I were you, I would have gone to Shanghai to watch the Expo then.2.if 省略句/倒装在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.- Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.- H
3、ad you come earlier, you would catch the bus. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.- Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.但不能说：Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.3.
4、含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)他打电话通知了我你的生日，否则，我对此一点都不知道。I should have given you more hel
5、p, but I was too busy. (连词)我本应该帮帮你， 但我那时太忙了。或用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for What would you do with a million dollars? （=if you had a million dollars?）如果你有一百万美元，会做什么？Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help,
6、= Had it not been for your help,没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1. 用于宾语从句中（1） wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词的构成形式为：过去时（与现在事实相反）过去完成时（与过去事实相反）Could/would/might+动词原形，即过去将来时（与将来事实相反）if only+句子、How I wish+that从句与之相似（2） 在would rather 后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其结构为： 过去时(与现在或将来事实相反）Would rather+ 过去完成时（与过去
7、事实相反）（3） 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advice等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。（4） 当suggest表示“暗示、表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，力言”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工
8、作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。2. 用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that从句，从句中的位于动词用“should+动词原形“，should可以省略It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。3
9、. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion, proposal, order, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。三、虚拟语气在as if/ as though引导的从句中的运用如果as if/ as though引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生,as if/ as thou
10、gh引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时；如果as if/ as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if/ as though引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时；如果as if/ as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如： He looks as if he were an artist.（同时）他看起来像个艺术家。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.（后于）她讲英语如此流利，好像她在美国学过英语。 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A .（后于）他如此努力地学英语，好像他要去美国。四、to have lunchfor lunchIts high/about time that we had lunchthat we should have lunch
