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1、宾语从句专题知识归纳 定义 在复合句中作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。结构 主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他 成分。难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析一、宾语从句的连接词1 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，口语中常被省略。eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.2 连词if 、whether，起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whet
2、her or not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下的情况只能用whether或if： 与or not连用时只用whether：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 当宾语从句部分是否定时，引导词只能用if Can you tell me if he doesnt come.3 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how，它们起连接作用，作句子成份，各有自己的意义。eg. The teacher asked t
3、he new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。I dont know how I should do with the presents. = I dont know how to do with the presents.二、宾语从句的语序特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（）Can you tell me who（m
4、） we have to see?（ ）The teacher asked the students what they were doing. （思考: what在从句中的成分）陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said She said she would leave a message on the desk.三、宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常受到主句谓语时态的制约。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时
5、态是一般过去时，从句一般跟相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （）I thought （that） you would be free today. （ ）【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.四其他问题1标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。eg. I heard she had bee
6、n to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?2要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。五宾语从句和状语从句的区分1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2） I dont know if the train has arrived.判断方法：1可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从
7、句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”。3从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。一、连接宾语从句1. Do you know? Will we hold an English party this term? Do you know _ we _ an English party this term?2. The teacher told us yesterday. The s
8、un is bigger than the earth. The teacher _us that the sun _ bigger than the earth yesterday.3. Could you tell me? Where does he live? Could you tell me where _?4 . Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?5. Does the girl need any help?
9、” he asked me. He asked me _ the girl _ some help6. When does the train leave? I want to know. I want to know _ the train _.7. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.8 Is your father at home tonight? Tell me. _9 Can he come tomorrow? Could
10、you tell me? _10 Are you a student or not? He asked me. _11 When does Tom get up ?(She wanted to know) _12 Do you like living in China? ( She asked . ) _二、选择题( )13 Can you tell me _? A.where are you doing B.where do you study C.where you were doing D. where you study( )14. I cant understand _ the bo
11、y alone. A. why she let B. why did she leave C. why had she left D. why she had left( )15 I want to know _ they will have an exam tomorrow. A. what B. that C. if D. who( )16 The students ask the teacher whether they _ the museum next Sunday. A. visit B. will visit C. have visitedD. visited( )17 Can
12、you tell me _?A. when the match will begin B. when will the match begin C. when the match began D. when did the match begin( )19. He asked his father _.A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( )20. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do
13、 B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it( )21. Could you please teach me _ the computer？ A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking( )22. _ hell come or not isnt important. A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What( )23. Would you like to know _they will do it or not? A. if B. that C. whether D. why( )24. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought(
