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1、直接引语和间接引语的讲解直接引语(Direct Speech)：当我们引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部 分叫直接引语。间接引语(Indirect Speech):当我们引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转 述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。典型例句：I.She said , I like English very mu ch (直接引语)(她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。)典型例句：2. She said she liked English very much. (间接引语)(她说她非常喜欢英语。)一、直接引语与间接引语的转化A.陈述句的间接引语|直接引语是陈述句，变为
2、间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，问接引语中的人称、时态和其他方 面也要相应有所变化，其中人称的变化与汉语的变化是一致的。例 1) JOhn said, I ve been late again. ”fJohn said that he had been late again.例 2) She said :We are very fond of sports.”f She said that they were very fond of sports.B.疑问句的间接引语1 . 一般疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语
3、序，并要加连词 if或whether,其主 句动词常用 ask, wonder, want to know, didnt know 等。句末不用问号。例 1) My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music ”f My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music.重要提示：if和whether 一般可通用，但whether可以和or not连用，if不能。例：I asked her whether she hadvisited the museum two
4、days before2 .反意疑问句反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句，即句型为陈述句，在句子前面加if或whether ,往往后面还要加上 or not ,常用whetheror not.例 1) She cried, “ You have m bdemistake, havent you fShe cried whether I had made a big mistake or not.3 .否定的一般疑问句和选择问句如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用 whether -or not连接。例 1) She said, Dont you know my tel
5、ephone numberf She asked me whether I knew her telephone number o r not.例 2) Do you like this one or that one Tom asked.f Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.4 .特殊疑问句间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从 句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。例 1) He asked, How do you like it ” f He asked mehow I like
6、d it.例 2) She asked me, Whats the matter with you ”f She asked me what was the matter with me.例 3) “How many books do you have she asked. fShe asked me how many books I had.C.祈使句的间接引语|1 .直接引语为祈使句时，问接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request 等词，句中 please 去掉。例
7、 1) She said to me, Please have a rest.f She asked me to have a rest.例 2) Dont all answer at once ”, she said to the pupils.f She told the pupils not to answer all at once.2 .带有let的祈使句(表小请求，建议或命令)，可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that 从句来表示其相应的意思。例 1) “Lets go for a walk”, said the girl.f The girl sugges
8、ted going for a walk.例 2) The teacher said, Let Lily tidy the classroom.”f The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom.D.感叹句的间接引语1 .直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how 引导，也可用that引导。例 1) “What a clever boy you are! ” M teacher said to him.f My teacher told him what a clever boy he was
9、.f My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.例 2) She said, How interesting the film is !”f She said that how interesting the film was.2 .有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接 宾语来转述。例 1) Help! he cried.f He called for help.例 2） “Happy Christmas!” he said.fHe wished me a happy Christmas.E. Would
10、you please “如何变为间接引语Would you please 虽然是个一般疑问句，但它表示的是“请求”，变为间接引语时，一版用方词不定式来表示。句型：主语+ ask / invite供语+不定式例 1） “Would you please have lunch with me tomorrow “ Mr Zhou asked me.fMr Zhou asked / invited me to have lunch with him the next day.二、间接引语中的词语变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指 示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语
11、词序往往要作相应的变化。A.时态的变化直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若是过去时，问接引语的时态要 变为相应的过去时态。直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时、现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（/、艾）一般将来时一 过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时shallshouldshouldshould （/、艾）willwouldwouldwould （/、父）maymightmightmight （/、艾）cancouldcouldcould （/、父）例 1） She said , I like maths very much. （
12、一股现在时）fShe said that she liked maths very much.（一般过去时 ）例 2） He said, I ve never seen this man （现在完成时）fHe said that he had never seen that man.（过去完成时）例 3） Joe said , I m listening to music in my room.（现在进行日寸） f Joe said that he was listening to music in his room.（过去进行时）重要提示1 :当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时
13、时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。如：例 1) He asked, “ which star is the biggest ” fHe asked which star is the biggest .例 2) The teacher told us , “The earth goes around the sun.fThe teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.重要提示2：当直接引语有确定的过去时间时，时态不需变化。例 1) Chloe said, The story took place in the 1930s.”fChloe said
14、 that the story took place in the 1930s.B.时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化直接引语中的状语、指示代词间接引语中的状语、指示代词todaythat dayyesterdaythe day before 前 天tomorrowthe next day/ the following day 第二天next week/month/yearthe next week/month/yearlast week/month/yearthe week/month/yearbeforeagobeforethree/four/years agothree/four/yea
15、rs beforein 2008in 2008 (不变)nowthen那时so farby thenheretherethisthatthesethosethe day before yesterday 前大two days before 两人前the day after tomorrow 后天in two days time/ two days after 两人后C.方向性动词的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时，表示方向性的动词bring, come应变为take , go。例 1) My sister asked me ,“ Could you bring the chairs upstairs ”fMy sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.特别提示：当某一地点成为说话者或听话者谈论的中心时，尽管远离双方，在间接引语中依然用bring,come .例 1） Lisa said that she d like me
