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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Fishing adds only about 1 percent to the global economy, but on a regional basis it can contribute enormously to human survival. Marine fisheries contribute more to the worlds supply of protein than beef, poultry or any other animal source.Fishing typically doe
2、s not require land ownership, and because it remains, in general open to all, it is often the employer of last resort in the developing world an occupation when there are no other options. Worldwide, about 200 million people depend on fishing for their livelihoods. Within Southeast Asia alone, more
3、than five million people fish full-time. In northern Chile 40 percent of the population lives off the ocean. In Newfoundland most employment came from fishing or servicing that industry until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s left tens of thousands of people out of work.Although d
4、ebates over the conservation of natural resources are often cast as a conflict between jobs and the environment, the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment. Michael P. Sissenwine and Andrew A. Rosenberg of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service have estimated that if depl
5、eted species were allowed to rebuild to their long-term potential, their sustainable use would add about $8 billion to the U.S. gross national product and provide some 300,000 jobs. If fish populations were restored and properly managed, about 20 million metric tons could be added to the worlds annu
6、al catch. But restoration of ecological balance, fiscal profitability and economic security will require a substantial reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild populations can recover.The necessary reduction in fishing power need not come at the expense of jobs. Gove
7、rnment could increase employment and reduce the pressure on fish populations by directing subsidies away from highly mechanized ships. For each $1 million of investment, industrial-scale fishing operations require only one to five people, whereas small-scale fisheries would employ between 60 to 3,00
8、0. Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence.1.The animal source which supplies the most protein for human being is .2. Paragraph 2 implies that .3. In the conflict between jobs and the enviro
9、nment, the author takes sides with those who are in favor of .4. The balance between jobs and the employment can be kept if .5. The passage suggests that making less use of modern technology may .问题1选项A.beefB.fishC.porkD.chicken问题2选项A.most of mens employment is from fishingB.man can always turn to f
10、ishing for employmentC.forty percent of Chileans live on fishing boats or shipsD.fishing has been the biggest industry in Newfoundland问题3选项A.increasing the annual catchB.creating more jobsC.getting greater fiscal profitabilityD.conserving natural resources问题4选项A.fishing capacity is further increased
11、B.fishing jobs are further increasedC.fewer well-equipped fishing ships are usedD.fewer species are allowed to rebuild问题5选项A.reduce pressure on fish populationsB.threaten the worlds annual catchC.increase governments investmentD.cost tens of thousands of fishermens jobs【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【
12、解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段第二句话Marine fisheries contribute more to the worlds supply of protein than beef, poultry or any other animal source.“海洋渔业对世界蛋白质供应的贡献超过牛肉、家禽或任何其他动物来源。”第二步，综合理解，这里讲的是鱼类贡献的蛋白质比其他动物来源更多所以这里答案选B选项“鱼肉”，A、C、D选项都是其他动物来源，所以不选，这里属于反向干扰。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到文
13、章第二段第一句的最后一个分句.it is often the employer of last resort in the developing world an occupation when there are no other options.“在发展中国家，这往往是最后的谋生手段当没有其他选择的时候时的一种职业”，当人们没有选择的时候可以选择这种职业，也就是人们总能通过渔业求生，所以答案选B选项“人们总是可以通过捕鱼来寻找工作”。A选项“大多数人的职业是捕鱼”，定位到第二段第二句Worldwide, about 200 million people depend on fishing
14、for their livelihoods.“全世界约有2亿人以捕鱼为生”。全球人口约60亿，而渔业占2亿，所以不能说大部分人靠渔业为生，这里属于偷换概念；C选项“40%的智利人生活在渔船或船只上”，第一步精准定位，定位到第二段倒数第二句话In northern Chile 40 percent of the population lives off the ocean“在智利北部，40%的人口靠海洋为生”。第二步，综合理解，该句只是说智利40%的人口靠海生活，并不是说40%的人口住在船上，这里属于曲意理解。D选项“捕鱼一直是纽芬兰最大的产业”，第一步精准定位，定位到第二段最后一句话In Ne
15、wfoundland most employment came from fishing or servicing that industry until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s left tens of thousands of people out of work“在纽芬兰，大部分就业机会来自渔业或该行业的服务直到20世纪90年代初鳕鱼渔业的崩溃，导致数万人失业”。第二步综合理解，鳕鱼在上个世纪90年代就已经崩溃了，因此纽芬兰的渔业早就崩溃了。而题干用的是现在完成时，表达的意思是渔业现在仍然是纽芬兰的支柱产业，这不符合题意，这里属于偷换概念。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第三段第一句话the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment“但鱼类数量的恢复实际上会促进就业。”，第二步综合理解，从这里可知作者认为保护资源和就业之间没有冲突，保护了资源就能促进就业，所以作者是支持保护自然资源的，所以答案选D“保护自然资源”。A选项“增加年捕获量”，定位到第三段最后一句话But restoration of ecological balance, fiscal profitabil
