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1、Unit 1 How can we become good learners? Section B1. I cant pronounce some of the words.我不会发其中一些单词的音。pronounce是动词,“发音”。例如:I dont know how to pronounce this word.我不知道这个单词怎么发音。归纳：pronounce的名词形式是pronunciation,“发音,发音法”。类似变化还有:注意以下动词与名词之间的转化:动词 名词actaction(行动)explain explanation(解释)satisfy satisfaction(满意
2、)decide decision(决定)discuss discussion(讨论)2. I dont know how to increase my reading speed.我不知如何提高阅读速度。how to increase my reading speed为含有特殊疑问词的不定式短语作宾语,其结构为:特殊疑问词+to+动词原形。例如:She wants to know what to do next.她想知道下一步做什么。Jenny hasnt decided where to go.珍妮没有决定去哪里。归纳：动词不定式前面有时加上连接代词what,which或连接副词when,w
3、here,how,此结构用在know,tell,wonder,ask,learn,find out之后作宾语。如:He wonders when to leave for Japan.他想知道什么时候去日本。易错警醒在与不定式连用时what是疑问代词,后面的不定式可以不跟宾语,而how是疑问副词,其后的不定式必须跟宾语。例如:He doesnt know what to do.=He doesnt know how to do it.他不知道怎么办。3. Everyone is born with the ability to learn.学习能力是人生而具有的。(1)born为动词bear的
4、过去分词,意为“出生”。常用于被动语态be born。be born with“与生俱来的”。例如:She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.她生来富贵。归纳：be born后跟介词in与on。be born in“出生于”+月份/年/具体的地点,be born on“出生于”+具体日期。Where was Kimi born? 小小志出生在哪里?He was born in America. 他出生在美国。The little baby was born on a rainy day.这个小婴儿出生在一个多雨的日子。(2)ability作名词
5、,意为“能力”,其复数形式为abilities,其形容词形式为able “能,会”,短语为be able to,相当于can。例如:Its hard to measure his ability when we havent seen his work.没有见过他的作品,很难估计他的能力。Are you able to do it yourself?你能自己做这件事吗?4. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.但是,能否做好却要看你的学习习惯。(1)whether or not是“是否”
6、的意思,在这里引导主语从句,还可以引导宾语从句,也可把or not与whether分开。例如:Ask him whether he can come or not.问问他是否能来。(2)depend主要意思为“依靠”、“依赖”、“取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词on,upon连用,depend on/upon+某人或某物。例如:Whether well go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去野营要看天气。I havent got a car,so I have to depend on the buses.我没有汽车,所以我得乘公共汽车。拓展：有
7、时可在某人或某物后用介词for。如:We depend on the radio for news.我们靠收音机听新闻。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。depend on/upon+从句。如:Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。在It (all) depends on/upon+从句中,介词on,upon有时可省略(主要见于口语中)。如:It all depends how you do
8、it.那要看你怎么办。It depends (on) whether you can afford it.这要看你是否买得起。depend on/upon+某人或某物+不定式或动名词。如:Im depending on you to do the work.我指望你做这工作。You can never depend on him/his arriving on time.你绝不能指望他能准时到达。5. .your brain is more active. 你的大脑会更加活跃active是形容词,其基本义为“活动的,活跃的,积极的”,其比较级为more active,最高级为the most
9、active,可用作表语和定语。例如:Although he is over 80,he is still very active.他虽然年过80岁,但他还是很活跃。在take part in (参加)这一短语中,part前通常不用冠词,但若有了active的修饰,则要有an。例如:He takes an active part in school activities.他积极参加学校各项活动。归纳activity n.活动,活动力(不可数);(某一领域的或带消遣的)活动(常用复数),其副词形式为actively。mental activity脑力活动;physical activity体力活
10、动;social activities社交活动;political activities政治活动易错警醒be active in意为“积极参加”,习惯上不用于体育方面。例如:正He is active in politics.他积极参加政治活动。误He is active in sports.6. .it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 你会更容易长时间地注意它。(1)该句型是It+be+adj.(+for sb.) to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事是的”。此句型中,it为形式主语,不定
11、式的复合结构在句中作真正的主语。例如:It isnt easy for me to learn English well.学好英语对我来说不容易。辨析：“It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.”和“It is+adj.+(of sb.)to do sth.”for sb.常用于表示事物的特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,important,impossible等。例如:Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。of sb.的句型一般用于表
12、示人物的性格、品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。例如:Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我,你真是太好了。(2)pay attention to意为“注意;关注”,其中to为介词,后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语,并不是能构成动词不定式的,这和look forward to是一样的。例如:The teacher told me to pay attention to my spelling.老师提醒我要注意拼法。We should pay more attention to savin
13、g food.我们应该更加关注节约食物。7. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting.良好的学习者经常把他们所学的内容和有趣的事物联系起来。(1)connect v.意为“(使)连接;与有联系”。通常与介词with,to连用。如:Will you connect this wire to the television?请你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗?A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees aroun
14、d him.一个好学生必须将他所读到的东西与他周围所看到的东西联系起来。易错警醒下列情况,通常用介词with。表示关系方面的联系时:Hes connected with our school.他与我们学校有联系。表示汽车、火车、飞机等交通方面的“相通”、“衔接”时:The trolleybus connects here with a bus for the airport.这辆无轨电车与开往机场的公共汽车衔接。This early bus from the village connects with the 830 train.这辆从村里开来的早班车与830的火车衔接。(2)what the
15、y need to learn是跟在connect后的宾语从句,句子用陈述句语序。例如:Please tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么。8. Practicing and learning from mistakes.练习,并从错误中学习。practice意为“练习”,可作动词,后接动词时,用动名词的形式,即practice doing sth.。The boy practiced speaking English every day.这个男孩每天练习说英语。归纳跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词:suggest建议;finish完成;avoid避免;mind介意;enjoy喜欢;consider考虑;miss错过;dislike不喜欢;imagine想象;permit允许;practice练习;look forward to盼望;put off推迟;give up放弃;be good at擅长;be afraid of害怕;be busy忙于;instead of代替
