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1、高考英语书面表达基础五大句型结构讲与练（人教版）句子是表达思想的最基本的语言单位。无论是书面表达还是口头表达，都凭借意义连贯的一系列句子以表达人们的思想。要写好一篇文章，无论是长篇大论，还是百字短文，都必须写好一个个句子。写好句子的关键就在于培养起句子框架结构能力。而动词句型框架意识、修饰语的定位意识以及英语主语表达方式辨别意识则是英语句子框架结构能力的核心所在。所以有必要强化训练各个有关句式句型，为迅速提高英语书面表达能力打下扎实的基础。一、主系表结构J 【句型】SVSC (1) 主语+ be+ 表语(名词/代词)N【用法】在本句型中，名词或代词作表语，名词或代词可带附加成分。要注意主谓一致
2、和时态问题。 Im a college student. It must be a grammar mistake【练习】u 人类居住的唯一家园是地球。The only home for man to live on is the earth. v 失败为成功之母。Failure is the mother of success.w 所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。All these dictionaries are a great help to me.x 门口那辆摩托车不是我的。The motorcycle at the gate is not mine.y 倘若我是你，我就采纳他的建议。If
3、 I were you, I follow take his advice. J 【句型】SVSC (2) 主语+ be + 形容词 + (介词短语)N【用法】在本句型中，形容词作表语。用于本句型的形容词有：u 一般形容词，如pleasant, fine, busy, warm, absent, rich, angry, different等；多数形容词后有固定的介词搭配。v 表语形容词，如ready, sure, certain, sorry, present, content, fond, alive, awake, asleep, alike, alone, afraid, ashame
4、d, aware等。w 跟of介词短语的形容词，如forgetful, doubtful, proud, full, free, short, careful, capable x 跟of介词短语，用来描述人的品行或特点的形容词，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wise, rude, wrong, naughty等。 be rich in, be busy with, be responsible for, be angry with, be
5、 different from, be fond of, be welcome to My Chinese host was very hospitable.【练习】u 中国自然资源丰富。China is rich in natural resources. v 王先生正忙于备课。Mr. Wang is busy preparing for his lessons.w 他对他儿子学习上的进步感到自豪。He is very proud of his sons progress in study.x 他们缺少时间和钱。They are short of time and money.y 你真糊涂，
6、竟然相信他说的话。Its very foolish of you to believe what he said. z 他总是乐于助人。He is always ready to help others. J【句型】SVSC (3) 主语+ be + 现在分词N【用法】在本句型中，现在分词作表语，大部分这类词已被看作形容词，它们用来修饰说明表示物的主语。用于本句型的现在分词有：amusing(有趣的), boring(令人厌烦的), disappointing(令人失望的), charming(迷人的), inviting (引人注目的,吸引人的), comforting(令人鼓舞的), co
7、nfusing(混淆的), exciting(令人兴奋的), embarrassing(令人为难的), discouraging(令人气馁的), disturbing(烦扰的), fascinating(迷人的), interesting, surprising(惊人的), missing, promising(有前途的), puzzling(令人迷惑的), shocking (骇人听闻的), striking(引人注目的), pleasing(令人高兴的), touching(动人的)，worrying(令人担心的)等。 This poem is very moving. His speec
8、h was very boring.【练习】u 这个童话很有趣。This fairy tale is very interesting.v 这个小伙子真讨人喜欢。The young man is very charming.w 这场追猎扣人心弦, 可惜狐狸还是跑了。The hunt was exciting, but the fox escaped.x 他的话使人相当泄气。What he said was rather discouraging. y 他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。He was astonished at what he found.z 我放在桌子上的英语书不见了。My Engli
9、sh book on the desk is gone. J 【句型】SVSC (4) 主语+ be + 过去分词 + (介词短语)N【用法】在本句型中，过去分词作表语，且常常带介词短语，介词一般固定，不可随便选用。用于本句型的过去分词有：u常见带介词about分词: excited, pleased, puzzled, shocked, worried. v常见带介词at分词: amazed, disappointed, dissatisfied, amused, annoyed, astonished, delighted, excited, displeased, pleased, sh
10、ocked, surprised. w常见带介词against分词：arranged, prepared. x常见带介词for分词：prepared, celebrated, pressed. y常见带介词in分词：absorbed, dressed, celebrated, disappointed, delighted, lost, embarrassed, engaged, experienced, interested z 常见带介词on分词：founded, based, bent, set 常见带介词to分词：devoted, lost, engaged, known, relat
11、ed, married. | 常见带介词with分词：excited, bored, delighted, disappointed, satisfied, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, pleased等。【练习】u 他是中国人民非常熟悉的。Hes well-known to the Chinese people.v 他在教学方面缺乏经验。He is poorly experienced in teaching.w 他们两年前在上海结婚的。They got married in Shanghai two years ago. x 我不满意我们在那家旅馆
12、受到的待遇。I wasnt satisfied with our treatment at that hotel.y 我们要作好下一次考试的准备。We must be prepared for the next exam.z 受到你的来信，我非常高兴。Im very pleased to hear from you.J 【句型】SVSC (5) 主语+ be + 形容词 + 不定式N【用法】u在本句型中，形容词作表语，表语后直接用动词不定式。不定式所表示的动作是有句中的主语所进行的。v用于本句型的形容词有：able, fit, likely, afraid, foolish, lucky, s
13、low, angry, fortunate, mad, anxious, free, nice, stupid, polite, sorry, brave, glad, sure, careful, grateful, thankful, certain, quick, unable, clever, good, ready, crazy, unwilling, willing, wonderful, content, happy, cruel, rude, curious, sad, worthy, due, kind, selfish, wrong, eager, excited, dis
14、appointed, pleased, astonished, puzzled, bored, satisfied, frightened, shocked, surprised, delighted, worried等。 Im very glad to know you They are all determined to settle in the countryside.【练习】u 他很勇敢，闯进了那着火的房子。He was very brave to break into the burning building.v 他非常仔细, 把每一个细节都核对过了。He was careful
15、enough to check up every detail.w 战争中的勇士愿意为国捐躯。The brave fighters at war were ready to die for their country.x 他下决心再也不见她了。He was determined not to see her any more.y 全世界人民都渴望和平。People all over the world were anxious to have peace.J 【句型】SVSC (6) 主语+ be + 形容词短语 + 不定式N【用法】在本句型中，在形容词后用不定式，动词不定式修饰形容词，表示程
16、度或结果。主要有四种句型：u “too + adj. to do sth”结构，表示“太以致不能”。v “adj. + enough + to do sth.”结构，表示“够以致能”。w “so + adj. + as to do sth.”结构，表示“如此以致能”。x “very/rather + adj. + to do (vt.)” 结构，表示“很做”，主语是不定式的实际宾语。 Hes too young to go to school. Hes old enough to know the world. 他到了懂得人情世故的年龄了。 She is very pleasant to talk with.和她谈话很愉快。
