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1、定语从句（教师版）关系副词 when, where, why介词+whom/which引导的定语从句一、基本概念1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外，还可用关系副词when , where与why来引导。2. 它们的区别是：when用于指时间，相当于in/ at/ on/ during which, where用于指地点， 相当于in/ at/ from which, why用于指原因,相当于for which o3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状语，不可省略，有时可以用介词+which代替。二、基本用法1. 关系副词when关系副词和where的先行词是表示时间（如the day（s）,
2、 the time, the year等） 和地点（如the place, the house, the factory, the station等）的一类词，而关系副词why的先行 词通常只是for the reason（s）。另外，when和where可弓I导限制性和非限制性定语从句， 而why_则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。用适当的关系副词填空 I will remember the day when I left my hometown forever,（作时间状语=on which） This is the place where he works.（作地
3、点 状语=in which ） He told me the reason why he was late again.（作原因 状语=for which ）2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代 词，关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语（用关系副词）还是用作主语或宾语（用关系代 词）。英语中的关系副词主要是when, where, why三个。不要想当然地将how用作关系 副词修饰 the way。如不说 This is the way how he s
4、poke，可改为 This is how he spoke（how 引导的是表语从句），当然也可说成This is the way in which he spoke.用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空 Dont forget the time that/ which Ive told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 Ill never forget the days when/ in which I worked with you.我永远不会忘记我与你共事 的日子。 He works in a factory that/ which makes radio parts.他在一家造无线电零件的工
5、厂工作。 He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。 Thats the reason that/ which he explained to us.那就是他向我们解释的理由。 Thats the reason why she left home.那就是她离家出走的原因。3. 介词+关系代词的用法在定语从句中，当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关 系更加紧凑，可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词提前放在关系代词前面。“介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词只能用which和wh
6、om ,且不省略。介词主要根据 三个方面来选择：一是先行词与介词的搭配；二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的 搭配；三是根据“介词+关系代词在从句中的作用及意义。试一试 Do you know the man (who/whom/that) Mr. Black talked with just now?=Do you know the man with whom Mr. Black talked just now? He is the man (who/whom/that) we are proud of.=He is the man of whom we are proud.三、在使用“介
7、词+关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题：1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯性搭配或介词与先行词的搭配，如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands? (shake hands with)He built a telescope through which he could study the skies, (through the telescope)2. 有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。如：listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to， take care of， l
8、ook forThis is the watch which youre looking for。He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.3. 介词放在关系代词之前时，只用which, whom不用that, who。当关系代词指代人时，用 whom，关系代词指代物时，用which，如：Is this the pen with which you wrote the letter?He wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful.This is the man
9、 from whom I learnt the news.4. 当先行词是物时，作定语的引导词 whose +n = the+ n + of which 或of which+ the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=He lives in the room the window of which faces south.=He lives in the room of which the window faces south.四、解题基本思路1. 首先判断先行词的性质，是表示时间还是表示地点等等；2. 查看先行词在定语从句中
10、充当何成分；3. 依据充当主语或者宾语，选择合适的关系词。巩固练习I. 把含有介词+which/whom的定语从句下划线并翻译1. I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.我要一张可写信的纸。2. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.将 以现金支付他们。3. The house in front of which there is a big tree was built more than 100
11、0 years ago, 门前有一 棵大树的房子。4. Air, without which man cant live, is really important.5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.II. 用定语从句合并下列句子1. The man is a teacher. I once lived with him.The man with whom I once lived is a teacher.2. The factory was closed.
12、My father had worked in the factory for 20 years.The factory in which my father had worked for 20 years was closed.3. Im looking forward to the days. During the days we will have a good time.Im looking forward to the days during which we will have a good time.4. The village has a big tree. The villa
13、gers often have meetings under the tree.The village has a big tree under which the villagers often have meetings.5. A teaching building will be built near the playground. We play basketball on the playground.A teaching building will be built near the playground on which we play basketball.III. 用适当的介
14、词+which/whom填空1. Albert Einstein, for whom life was once hard, didnt care about money.2. The teacher from whom I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.3. Is that the fish for which you asked the waiter?4. Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.5. Hell never forget the day on which he was
15、 admitted to the Olympic Games.6. I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.7. Is that the girl to whom you lent your bike?.8. The sun gives us heat and light, without which we cant live.9. The student with whom we were talking is the best one in our class.10. The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.IV. 句型转换1. They live in a house, whose windows are made of glass.They live in a house, the window of which are made of glass.2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students.He has two daughters, both of whom are college students.3.
