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1、材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu)原子数Atomic number原子量Atomic weight波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model键能Bonding energy库仑力Coulombic force共价键Covalent bond分子的构型molecular configuration电子构型electronic configuration负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive基态Ground state氢键Hydrogen bond离子键Ionic bond同位素摩尔IsotopeMol
2、e金属键Metallic bond泡利不相容原理 Pauli exclusion principle元素周期表Periodic table原子atom分子molecule分子量molecule weight极性分子Polar molecule量子数quantum number价电子valence electron范德华键van der waals bond电子轨道electron orbitals点群point group对称要素symmetry elements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数Atomic packing factor (APF)体心立方结构body-centered
3、 cubic (BCC)面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC)布拉格定律braggs law配位数coordination number晶体结构crystal structure晶系crystal system晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutron diffraction电子衍射electron diffraction晶界grain boundary六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Paulings rulesNaCl 型结构NaCltype structureCsCl型结构Caesium Ch
4、loride structure闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure金红石型结构Rutile structure萤石型结构Fluorite structure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates岛状结构Island structure链状结构Chain structure层状结构Layer structure架状结构Framework structure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高
5、岭石kaolinite石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数lattice parameters密勒指数miller indices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶single crystal晶胞unit cell电位electron states（化合）价valence电子electrons金属键metallic bonding极性分子polar molecules衍射角diffraction angle粒度,
6、晶粒大小grain size显微照相 photomicrograph共价键covalent bonding离子键Ionic bonding原子面密度atomic planar density合金alloy显微结构microstructure扫描电子显微镜scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)重量百分数 weight percent透射电子显微镜 transmission electronmicroscope (TEM)四方的配位数tetragonal coordination number单斜的monoclinic材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defe
7、ct, imperfection点缺陷point defect线缺陷line defect, dislocation面缺陷interface defect体缺陷volume defect位错排列dislocation arrangement位错线dislocation line刃位错edge dislocation螺位错screw dislocation混合位错mixed dislocation晶界grain boundaries大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries小角度晶界tilt boundary,孪晶界twin boundaries位错阵列dislocation
8、array位错气团dislocation atmosphere位错轴dislocation axis位错胞dislocation cell位错爬移dislocation climb位错聚结dislocation coalescence位错滑移dislocation slip位错核心能量dislocation core energy位错裂纹dislocation crack位错阻尼dislocation damping位错密度dislocation density原子错位substitution of a wrong atom间隙原子interstitial atom晶格空位vacant lat
9、tice sites间隙位置interstitial sites杂质impurities弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder主晶相the host lattice错位原子misplaced atoms缔合中心Associated Centers.自由电子Free Electrons电子空穴Electron Holes伯格斯矢量Burgers克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation中性原子neutral atom材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体 化合物 置换固溶体 不混溶固溶体 有序固溶体 固溶强化soli
10、d solutioncompound substitutional solid solution immiscible solid solution ordered solid solution solid solution strengthening过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution固溶度 间隙固溶体 金属间化合物 转熔型固溶体 无序固溶体 取代型固溶体非化学计量化合 物solid solubility interstitial solid solution intermetallics peritectic solid solution disorder
11、ed solid solution Substitutional solid solutions Nonstoichiometric compound材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构熔体结构structure of melt过冷液体supercooling melt玻璃态vitreous state软化温度softening temperature粘度viscosity表面张力Surface tension介稳态过渡相metastable phase组织constitution淬火quenching退火的softened玻璃分相phase separation in glasses体积收缩
12、volume shrinkage材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面表面surface界面interface同相界面homophase boundary异相界面heterophase boundary晶界grain boundary表面能surface energy小角度晶界low angle grain boundary大角度晶界high angle grain boundary共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary晶界迁移grain boundary migration错配度mismatch驰豫relaxation重构reconstuction表面吸附surface
13、 adsorption表面能surface energy倾转晶界titlt grain boundary扭转晶界twist grain boundary倒易密度reciprocal density共格界面coherent boundary半共格界面semi-coherent boundary非共格界面noncoherent boundary界面能interfacial free energy应变能strain energy晶体学取向关系crystallographicorientation惯习面habit plane材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图相图phase diagrams相phase组分component组元compoonent相律Phase rule投影图Projection drawing浓度三角形Concentration triangle冷却曲线Cooling curve成分composition自由度freedom相平衡phase equilibrium化学势chemical potential热力学thermodynamics相律phase rule吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule自由能free energy吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing吉布斯熵Gibbs
