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1、虚拟语气英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气：陈述事实或提出疑问，用于陈述句，疑问句和感叹句；祈使语气：表示请求、命令，指示或劝告等；虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实， 一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（在条件从句中或让步状语从句中）； 一种表示说话人愿望、要求、命令、建议等（在宾语从句、表语从句、同 位语从句）。一、条件状语从句(1) 一般虚拟语气条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反didwould/might/should +do与过去事实相反had donewould/might/could +have done与将来事实相反did/should/were to +docould/would/might/sh
2、ould +do(2) 混合虚拟语气 有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，这叫错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气，它要求从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。 如：If I had finished my homework last night, I would be allowed to watch TV now. （从句是过去情况，而主句说明现在情况。） If you told me the truth now, I would not send for your parents tomorrow. （从句说明现在情况，主句说明将来情况。）(3) 含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过if条件句表达出来，而隐
3、含在某些介词短语中，如with, without, but for 等，或者通过副词or, otherwise等上下文表示。如：Without your encouragement, I wouldnt have succeeded. =If you hadnt encouraged me, I wouldnt have succeeded.二、宾语从句【特别注意】一定要是从句才用虚拟语气，否则根据固定搭配用陈述语气。I would rather had you hadnt told me. （宾语从句，用虚拟）I would rather have some water. （不是从句，用wo
4、uld rather do固定搭配）1、表示“希望、宁愿”wish, would rather 注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come.(我们不知道他们是否回来，然后希望他们来)（2） We wish they could come.(我们知道他们不会来，但是内心还是希望能来)2、表示“建议、命令、要求” 结构： + that + (should) + do （that不能省，should可以省） 常见的单词有：sug
5、gest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, decide, ask, move, propose等 注意两个特殊单词：suggest & insistsuggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟语气；表示“暗示，表明”时，陈述语气。insist表示“坚持（做）”时，用虚拟语气；表示“坚持（认为）”时，陈述语气。The boy insisted that he is right.（表示“坚持认为”，没有虚拟）The smile on his face suggests that he is quite s
6、atisfied.（“表明”，不用虚拟）He suggests/ insists that we (should) go with him.（都翻译成“建议做”，虚拟语气）三、表语从句和同位语从句其实跟上面的用法是一样一样的，只是成分不同罢了。在英语中，凡是翻译成”建议、命令、要求”的意思，在从句中要用(should) + do的虚拟语气。所以，常见的单词就是上面单词的名词形式：suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /demand等。比较下面几个句子，体会不同成分的区别：1. My suggestion t
7、hat we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. (suggestion和we have a meeting讲的是一个事情，是同位语从句）2. My suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting. (is后面是表语成分，表语从句)3. I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. (这是个宾语从句）四、主语从句中虚拟语气的使用。 做主语的时候，主要是It的形式主语，用于以下几个句型中1、It is /was + 形容词 + that . (
8、should) do/ have done引导的从句（注意：有现在和过去两种） 常见单词：important, natural, necessary, essential, strange等。2. It is suggested/ desired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded that . (should) do. 有木有很眼熟的赶脚？没错！又是“建议”一类的单词，只是把宾语从句中的主语换成了It，变成了主语从句。比如： I suggest that we (should) have a meeting. (这是个宾语从句） It is
9、 suggested that we (should) have a meeting.(这是个主语从句，真正的主语是划线部分） 其实，我还有个秘密没有告诉你。上面的第一点，中间加形容词的那个，其实也可以理解成“建议”一类的意思。褒义词，一般理解为suggest，贬义词，一般理解为dont suggest。 It is important that we (should) have a meeting. （既然重要，可以理解为“建议开会”) It is unnecessary that we (should) have a meeting.（既然没必要，可以理解为“不建议”）五、其他固定用法没办
10、法，这个得死记，记死了！ even if/ though, as if/though, if only短语 He acts as if nothing had happened. Its (high) time that+did/ should do（注意：should不省） Its high time (that) we took/ should take some action. 表奇怪或惊讶。常使用should虚拟，可省略，意思为“竟然” It is a pity that you (should) leave so soon. 表示祝愿。常用动词原形或者是“May+主语+动词原形”的结
11、构。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! May you succeed!六、 虚拟语气的倒装规则：把句中的had/ should/ were提前，把句首的if去掉。注意：had是时态，不是实意动词。If you had helped me, I would have passed the examination.= had you helped me, I would have passed the examination.If I had money, I would buy a car. （词句不能倒装，had是实意动词）（一）时态真题演练【
12、2013真题演练】( ) 1. I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry. But I _ my homework. A. had done B. was doing C. would do D. am doing( ) 2. If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done( ) 3. Have you heard abo
13、ut the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would be B. is C. has been D. will be( ) 4. Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us.A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered( ) 5. “What do you want to
14、be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president,” said the boy, with a smile.A. have been B. am C. was D. will be【2012真题演练】( ) 1. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid( ) 2. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing( ) 3. The moment _soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A. came B. has tome C. was coming D. is coming( ) 4. -I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? - Sorry
