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1、 职称英语真题：2022年职称英语卫生B考试试题“Dont Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning 【“不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义】 In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their l
2、ibations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer. After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant
3、 share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. “Roughly 9
4、5 percent of cancers at these four sites traced too smoking or drinking by study volunteers,” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news his team reports, is that drinking with meals didnt eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites. For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the stud
5、y into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the m
6、outh and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx
7、. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers. People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 time
8、s the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals. “Alcohol
9、 can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for al
10、l study participants traces to the tissues lower exposure to alcohol. 1. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people A. who drink alcohol outside of meals. B. who drink alcohol at meals. C. who never drink alcohol at meals. D. who drink alcohol at bars
11、and pubs. 2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”? A. It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking without food. B. It may also be a cause of cancer. C. It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites. D. It does not elimin
12、ate cancer risk at any of the sites. 3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day? A. 3 drinks. B. 8 drinks. C. 20 drinks. D. 56 drinks. 4. Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage? A. Oral cancer. B. Laryngeal cancer.
13、 C. Pharyngeal cancer. D. esophageal cancer. 5. According to the last paragraph, tissues lower exposure to alcohol A. explains why inflammation triggers cancer. B. accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tissues. C. is the reason why food can scrub alcohol off tissues. D. reduces the risk of
14、laryngeal cancer. “不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义 肯定程度上，这对酒吧可能是一个坏消息，欧洲的一个讨论小组发觉人们在就餐时间以外饮酒会使患口腔和颈部癌症的几率比就餐时饮酒更高。Luigino Dal Maso和他的同事们讨论了取自四项癌症讨论的1500个病例的饮酒习惯模式和另外3500个从没患癌症的成年人的饮酒习惯模式。 在讨论者分析了饮酒的总量后，他们发觉和只在就餐时饮酒的人相比，在就餐时间以外灌下大量烈酒的人面临至少50%80%的患口腔癌、咽癌和食道癌的危急。在就餐时间外饮酒也会使患喉癌的可能性增加至少20%。“被讨论者的状况说明大约95%患以上四种癌症的缘由就是抽
15、烟或饮酒。”Dal Maso说。他的讨论小组供应的报告中令人懊丧的消息是就餐时饮酒不会消退患以上任何一种癌症的危急。 为了进展新的分析，欧洲科学家依据每星期平均饮酒量将被讨论者分为4组。饮酒量最少的一组包括每周平均饮酒量达20杯的人，饮酒量的一组每周饮酒至少56杯，平均每天8杯以上。患口腔癌和颈部癌的危急随着饮酒量而稳定上升，即使是那些只在就餐时饮酒的人。例如，和低饮酒量的人相比，每周饮酒21 34杯的人患除喉癌以外其他部位的癌症的危急增加了一倍。假如这几组中的人在就餐时间以外饮酒，那些属于高饮酒量组的人会使他们患口腔癌和食道癌的危急至少增加3倍。和每周只在就餐时平均饮酒至多20杯的人相比，高饮酒量组的人在就餐时间饮酒患口腔癌的危急是低饮酒量组的10倍，咽癌是其7倍，食道癌是16倍。相反，酒精高摄人且仅在就餐时饮酒的人患喉癌的危急是酒精低摄入且仅在就餐时饮酒的人的3倍。 “酒精能使组织发炎，一段时间后，炎症可引发癌症。”Dal Maso说。他认为食物降低了患癌症的危急，或是通过掩盖在消化道组织上或是通过将酒精从那些组织上擦掉。他推想全部被讨论者患喉癌的几率比其他癌症低许多的缘由是喉部组织被酒精侵害到的局部少
