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1、直接引语 & 间接引语（1）一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可
2、以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She s
3、aid. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher
4、 told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said.
5、 I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
6、Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是
7、陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. M
8、y mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为t
9、ell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：He said, Lets go t
10、o the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语 & 间接引语（2）. 引导词的选择及语序 1. 陈述句：S + V + that + 陈述语序 (S + V) “That is the trouble”, said Bill. 改为：Bill said _ _ _ the trouble. 【注】：that 可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。 He told me (that) he had finished
11、his work and that he would like to have a holiday. 2. 一般疑问句：S + V + if / whether + 陈述语序 (S + V) He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?” 改为：He asked us _ _ _ leaving that night. 3. 特殊疑问句：S + V + what / who / which / whose / when + 陈述语序 (S + V) “Why did you lock the door?” father said to Anne. 改为：Father
12、asked Anne _ _ _ _ the door. 4.祈使句：S + V + sb. to do / not to do (1)表示“命令”：tell, order, command (2)表示“请求”：ask, beg, request (3)表示“建议”：advise, suggest “Dont make noise in the library.” the teacher said to the students. 改为：The teacher _ the students_ _ _ noise in the library. 时态的一致1 主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态
13、向“过去”退一步：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时不变一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时直接引语间接引语I work hard. He said that he _ hard. I am working hard.He said that he _ hard.I was working hard. He said that he _ hard.I worked hard.He said that he _ hard.I had worked hard. He said that he _ hard.I am going to work ha
14、rd. He said that he _ hard.2 直接引语是客观真理时，变成间接引语时时态不变：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”改为：The teacher _ _ _ _ noise in the library. 3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的，变成间接引语时时态不变： Wei Fang said, “I was born in 1994.” 改为：Wei Fang said _ _ _ born in 1994.4. 直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态，变间接引语时，时态不变：He says, “I have been married for 3 years.”改为：He said that _ _ _ _ for 3 years. 人称及状语的变化1 人称变化：“一
