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1、专题十二 特殊句式考点一： 强调句型1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。It is only children who/that make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问句+is/was +it+ that从句”。Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street?你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？Who was it that
2、told you such a thing? 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？3.“It was not until that”这个句型强调时间状语。It was not until the next day that I learned the truth. 直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。考点二： 省略句型1.在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as 引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be 常被省略。Unless (I am) invited,
3、I wont go to the party. 除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。2.不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to.1）用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid, be glad, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。-Will you join in the game?-Id be glad to.20如果不定式中含有be, have, been, 通常保留be, have和have been.-Are you a sailor?-No
4、, but I use to be.考点三： 主谓一致1.就近一致原则1)由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近主语在单复数上保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天召开的会议。注意：如果主语后面带有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, tog
5、ether with, but, except, besides including, in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。In my opinion, he, rather than you, is to blame. 依我看来是他而不是你该受谴责。2)由there, here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。2.意义一致原则1)谓语动词为单数的情况由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，谓语用
6、单数。The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。作并列主语的单数名词前分别有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Each boy and each girl wants to work hard. 每个男孩和女孩都想努力工作。非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实很难。注意：what引导的状语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。What they need are boo
7、ks. 他们需要的是书。2)谓语动词用复数的情况由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。3.语法一致的原则：句子的谓语必须同主语的数一致。（1）“more and one 或more than one+单数名词”，“many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。More than one write
8、r is interested in the story. 不止一个作家对这个故事感兴趣。（2）不定式another, anyone, anybody, anything, each, everyone, everything, someone, somebody, something等用作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。Everybody is doing his best. 人人都在尽最大努力。（3）“分数（百分数）+of +名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数主要取决于of后面的名词的数。如果是可数名词的复数，谓语动词通常用复数；如果是可数名词的单数或不可数名词，谓语动词通常用单数。Three
9、 fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。考点四： 反义疑问句 附加在陈述句（有时在祈使句）后面的一个简短的问句，叫反义疑问句。当说话人对陈述句的内容有怀疑或没有把握，想进一步得到证实，常常使用这样一个问句。1.最常见的反义疑问句有下面两种：1)肯定陈述句+否定附加问句You will stay here, wont you? 你要待在这里，不是吗？2.情态动词表推测时，其反义疑问句的变化是根据在不推测的情况下，其谓语动词所应该具备的形式来变化。The light is on; Tom must be at home, i
10、snt he? 灯亮着，汤姆肯定在家，不是吗？3.复合句的附加问句1)复合句的附加问句一般是重复主句中主语和谓语动词。You will tell us what you want, wont you? 你们会告诉我们你们需要什么，不是吗？2)但是当主句的谓语动词是believe, imagine, suppose, think等之类的动词，主语是第一人称，从句是用that 引导的宾语从句时，附加问句按宾语从句来变。I suppose you are not serious, are you? 我认为你并不是当真的，是吗？4.祈使句的反义疑问句祈使句的反义疑问句主要是由助动词或情态动词can, shall, will等和祈使句的主语构成。可用肯定形式或否定形式，但肯定形式的语气比较委婉。Stop that noise, will you? 你们不要吵，好吗？Come down quickly, cant you? 请你快点下来，行不行？
