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1、 新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson22First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后答复以下问题。In what two areas have people made no ”progress” at all?Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is
2、becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of
3、speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which was greatly enh
4、anced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as new know
5、ledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called ”modern civilization” is not the result of a balanced development of all man”s nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge
6、? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men”s bodies while, close at hand, surgeons
7、 use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.G.N.M.TYRRELL The Personality of Man【New words and expressions 生词和短语】loom v. 赫然耸起manifest adj.明显的morality n. 道德communicate v. 沟通，交际compound ad
8、j. 复合的enhance v. 增进tempo n. 速率trickle n. 涓涓细流torrent n. 滔滔洪流humanity n. 人类indifferently adv. 不在乎地grimly adv. 可怖地whimsical adj. 怪诞的shatter v. 毁坏twofold adj. 双重的【课文解释】1.loom，隐现(常令人生畏);马上发生。If something looms over you, it appears as a large or unclear shape, often in a frightening way.例句：The mountainou
9、s island loomed on the horizon.那座巨大的岛屿隐模糊约出现在地平线上。If a worrying or threatening situation or event is looming, it seems likely to happen soon.例句：The looming threat of recession made them anxious.近在眼前的经济衰退让他们很是焦虑。2.take place，发生。take place和happen意思相近，都有发生的意思，但take place更强调有人为因素参加的某事发生、有打算的使某事发生，而happe
10、n多指没有打算的、自然发生的。来看几个例子就知道了例句：The fete will take place on Sunday, rain or shine.游园义卖会定于星期日进行，风雨无阻。这句话用happen就不妥，由于fete是不会无打算、自然而然自己发生的。例句：The accident happened at the corner of the street.意外发生在街角。这句话中由于accident不是人为安排的让其发生的，所以用happen更好。3.undergo，经受，患病。If you undergo something necessary or unpleasant, i
11、t happens to you.例句：During the past few decades, this city has undergone great changes.过去的几十年中，这座城市经受了巨大的变化。undergo changes是个比拟正式地道的表达。4.with the invention of wrinting，短语中的with是“由于”的意思。5.education in its turn added to libraries，训练反过来也丰富了藏书。in turn，反过来，转而。例句：One of the members of the surgical team le
12、aked the story to a fellow physician who, in turn, confided in a reporter.医疗队中的一名成员把故事告知了一名内科医生，该内科医生转而又告知了记者。in turn，轮番。例句：The girls called out their names in turn.那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。6.a kind of compound interest law，一种复利法则。compound interest law有时也被称作“雪球法则”，即利上滚利，增长很快。7.turn.to account，利用。例句：We should
13、turn knowledge to good account to build a better future.我们应当好好利用学问，制造一个美妙的将来。8.Could any spectacle,.to restore them?这句话从形式上是个疑问句，但实质上起一个加强语气的陈述句的作用，这种疑问句常被称为修辞疑问句。9.this twofold use of knowledge，学问的这种双重性。twofold表示双重性：You can use twofold to introduce a topic that has two equally important parts.例句：Th
14、e case against is twofold: too risky and too expensive.反对的理由有两个：太冒险，太昂贵。【参考译文】为什么进步这个概念在现代世界显得如此突出?无疑是由于有一种特别的进步实际上正在我们四周发生，而且变得越来越明显。虽然人类有智力和道德上没有得到普遍提高，但在学问积存方面却取得了巨大的进步。人一旦能用语言同别人沟通思想，学问的积存便开头了。随着书写的创造，又迈进了一大步，由于这样一来，学问不仅能沟通，而且能储存了。藏书使训练成为可能，而训练反过来又丰富了藏书，由于学问的增长遵循着一种“滚雪球”的规律。印刷术的创造又大大提高了学问增长的速度。全
15、部这些进展都比拟缓慢，而随着科学的到来，增长的速度才突然加快。于是，学问便开头有系统有打算地积存起来。涓涓细流汇成小溪，小溪现已变成了奔腾的江河。而且，新学问一旦获得，便得到实际应用。所谓“现代文明”并不是人的天性平衡进展的结果，而是积存起来的学问应用到实际生活中的结果。现在人类面临的问题是：用这些学问去做什么?正像人们经常指出的，学问是一把双刃刀，可以用于造福，也可以用来为害。人们现在正漫不经心地把学问用于这两个方面，例如：炮兵利用科学毁坏人的身体、而外科医生就在四周用科学抢救被炮兵毁坏的人体，还有什么情景比这更可怕、更怪诞的吗?我们不得不严厉地问问我们自己：随着日益增长的学问的力气，假如我们连续利用学问的这种双重性，将会发生什么样的状况呢?
