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1、2021届高考英语 小题必练1 名词2021届高考英语 小题必练1 名词年级：姓名：13小题必练1：名词名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是新高考的重要考点。名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数），尤其具体语境中名词的数、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词的构词法，名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其它项目一起考查，考查题型以完形填空、语法填空为主。预计2021年的新高考名词在语法填空中考查以词类变化为主；在完形填空中考查名词的辨析为主。在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结
2、，做题时要结合语境。考点1 可数名词的复数【典例】（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the(season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas,makinguse of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。【技法点拨】（1）规则变化情况方法例词一般情况
3、加sstudents，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加es（如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要+s, 如stomachs）glasses，dishes，boxes，watches 以辅音字母y结尾变y为i再加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母y结尾加sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加sradios，videos，zoos，
4、tobaccos有的加esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes注意：以o结尾的名词加es的情况Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes口诀：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿既可以加es，也可以加s的情况zeros(es)mosquitos(es) volcanos(es)以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe去掉，加ves树叶 leaf-leaves 半数half-halves,自己self-selves妻子wife-wives刀knife-knives长条面包loaf-loves架 shelf-shelves狼wolf-wolves小偷thief-th
5、ieves生命life-lives口诀：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙直接在词尾加-s相信belief -beliefs；悬崖cliff cliffs证据proof proofs上顶房（即房顶、屋顶）roof - roofs口诀：相信证据在悬崖的顶房以上两种情况均可码头（wharf）侏儒（dwarf）围围巾（scarf），手绢（handkerchief）码头侏儒围围巾，手绢复数变二心名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctorwomen doctors(2)不规则变化常见单复数同形的
6、名词Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子childrenman男人mentooth牙teethfoot脚，英尺feetmouse老鼠micephenomenon现象phenomenamedium传播媒介media考点2名词的语法功能（2020山东卷）Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】a
7、ccuracy【解析】句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。【技法点拨】1.作主语The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。2.作宾语（1）作及物动词的直接宾语I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了
8、。Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。（3）作介词的宾语。After 20 years traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？3.作表语Its
9、a good idea to plant trees here. 在这里栽些树是个好主意。She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 她现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。4.作宾语的补足语They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。5.作定语（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。college students大学生 girl friend女友 veg
10、etable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛Lets stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。（2）名词所有格作定语。students books学生用书Chinas capital中国的首都the worlds population世界人口（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。He s
11、aid that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外
12、语系（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a workers family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。women drivers女司机 the womans driver这位妇女的司机girl friend女朋友 the girls friend 这女孩的朋友mother tongue母
13、语 mothers tongue母亲的舌头（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)6.作状语时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。考点3 名词辨析（2020山东卷完形填空）Molai grew up in a tiny villa
14、ge in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_1_. He learned the value and beauty of _2_ there from a very young age.When he was 16,Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _3_ it caused had dri
15、ven away a number of birds. Besides, the number of snakes had declined as well. He realized that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the _4_. The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek _5_ during the daytime. He turned to the _6_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However,Molai went looking on his own and discove
