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1、独立主格结构常见类型及其用法独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动
2、作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：1._no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was2._no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3._Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4._Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.As i
3、t being B.Being C.It is D.As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：1._, the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2._, the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was gi
4、ven3._, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4._, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words3
5、、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。如：1._, the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2._, the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditi
6、ons3._, wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK4._, wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5._, you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B6._, so you can wait
7、a whileA.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on4、逻辑主语+介词短语该结构相当于不带动词的“主系介词短语”结构。如：1.The boy followed the nobleman here, _.A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand2.The boy followed the nobleman here _.A.with
8、 a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand3.He left the office, _.A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes4.He left the office _.A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in ey
9、es D.tears being in eyes二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分： 1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1._ no bus, we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B2._Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B3._, I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill
10、 C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C4._, we have to work late into the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如：1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A
11、 and B2._, the text became easier for us to learn. A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above3、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：1._, well go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B2._, th
12、e patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：1.We have lessons every day, _. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above2.The boy fell asleep,_.A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above3.Father came home,_A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the above
