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1、动词的语态一高考趋势 高考对动词语态的考查往往与对时态的考查同时进行，通常包括以下几个方面的内容：1常用时态中的语态；2非谓语动词中的语态；3主动表被动的情况。二知识讲解 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般是在不知道或没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时,我们是被动语态We use electricity to run machines. （主动语态）Electricity is used to run machines. （被动语态）【不能用于被动语态的动词和短语】 1. 在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被
2、动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。2. 某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。【被动语态的时态形式】 常用的被动语态有表1 所列的几种时态形式表1时间 一般时 进行时 完成时现在 am asked am being asked have be
3、en asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked过去 was be asked was being asked had been asked were be asked were being asked将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked过去 should be asked should have been asked将来 would be asked would have been asked【短语动词的被动语态】
4、 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.All the rubbish should be got rid of.【“get + -ed分词”的被动语态】 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：get dressed
5、（穿衣服） get divorced（离婚）get engaged（订婚） get confused（迷惑不解）get lost（迷路） get washed（洗脸）get married（结婚）【能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态】 1能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：1）We showed the visitors our new products.（主动语态）2）The visitors were shown our new products.（被动语态）3）Our new products were shown to the
6、visitors.（被动语态）2能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：1）The teacher appointed him League secretary.（主动语态）2）He was appointed League secretary.（被动语态）【被动语态与系表结构的区别】 （1）The novel was well written.（系表结构）（2）The novel was written by Dickens.（被动语态）【英语中常用主动表被动的情况】 1一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, open, shut
7、, begin, wash, wear, etc. 此类动词常接副词作状语。例如：The door wont shut. 门关不上。The shoes wear well. 这鞋子经穿。2系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear, etc.此类动词常接形容词作表语。例如：The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来柔软。The dish tastes good. 这菜味道不错。3作定语的不定式。例如：I have a lot of work to do this week. Have you got anythi
8、ng to say at the meeting?4在形容词easy, difficult, hard等之后作状语的不定式。例如：This question is difficult to answer.We find the man hard to get along with.5need, want, require 作需要时，他们后面常接主动的-ing分词或被动的不定式。在这种情况下，句子的主语必须在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。例如：Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned ev
9、eryday. 比较：I need to have my hair cut.He wants to go home this afternoon.6用于be worth doing结构。例如：The film is well worth seeing twice. The book is worth reading.比较worthy用法：The book is worthy to be read. The book is worthy of being read.【主动结构中使役动词】 如：let, make or 感官动词等后不加to地动词不定式变为被动结构时,动词前面要加toThe tea
10、cher made Tom do all the homework.Tom was made to do all the homework by the teacher.【被动语态的翻译】 一般用 “ 由,被,受” 来翻译表达，有些固定句型地翻译:it is said, it is reported, it is believed, it is thought, it is discovered, it is found that三典型例题 1(北京2000, 单项填空)The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having h
11、ung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung正确答案：B 此题考查内容较多，涉及时态、语态，谓语动词和非谓语动词等。题干中已有谓语is painted, 不能选C；D选项表示正在被挂，不合题意；作后置定语时，hanging = hung, 所以选B。2（北京2000，单项填空）All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed正确答案：D 此题既考时态，又
12、考语态，根据语境该用现在完成时被动语态，所以选D。3（MET89，单项填空）-What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read正确答案：C 此题考查be worth doing的用法，所以选C。四知识过关 1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2. Nob
13、ody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out3. -_ the sports meet might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed5. -Do you like the material?-Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is
