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1、非谓语动词专题非谓语动词是英语专业四级考试测试语法知识项目中很重要的一部分。主要考察非谓语动词的三种形式及其语法功能，因此需要掌握包括不定式、动名词和分词在内的各种用法及其区别。非谓语动词作状语用法的比较是此类语法考试中最重要的项目，而非谓语动词作宾语也是主要的考试内容。一 非谓语动词作主语在非谓语动词的三种形式中，不定式和动名词可以在句中作主语，分词不能作主语。1. 不定式和动名词均可直接作主语。不定式着重结果，而动名词着重进程，在这点上两者没有很明显的区别。不定式一般表示具体或是一次性动作，而动名词则常表示一般或抽象的多次动作。To lie about it will only make
2、matters worse.对此事说谎只会使事情更糟糕。Lying is vice. 说谎是不道德的行为。2. 不定式和动名词都可以用it代替作形式主语。不过在含有no,-less等否定词的句子里，一般不用不定式短语作主语，而常用动名词作主语。在“It is + n. / adj. + 动名词”结构中，常用的名词有：no good / no use / a waste of time / fun等；常用的形容词有：worth / enjoyable / funny / useless / worthwhile等。例如：Its no use pretending you didnt know.
3、你装糊涂是无济于事的。Its a waste of time arguing about it.争论这事是浪费时间。Its not much fun going to a party alone. 独自一人去参加聚会没什么意思。二、非谓语动词作宾语在谓语动词的三种形式中，不定式和动名词可以在句中作宾语，分词不能作宾语。1. 只能以不定式作宾语的包括：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, beg, choose, claim, dare, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail,
4、 guarantee, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, proceed, promise, refuse, request, resolve(决定), seek, strive, threaten, undertake（同意或答应）, volunteer, wish等。He determined to learn Spanish. 他决定学西班牙语。2. 只能以动名词作宾语的常用动词包括：admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, co
5、nfess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forbid, imagine, include, involve, justify（证明正当）, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, report, require, resent, resume, risk, stand, suggest等。 Mark often attempts to escape _ wheneve
6、r he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been fined B. to be finedC. to have been fined D. being finedPeople appreciate _ with him because he has a good sense of humor.A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. having working3. 既可以用动名词作宾语，又可以用不定式作宾语的常用动词包括：attempt, bear, begin, cease, continue, des
7、erve, dislike, forget, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want等。I proposed to make an early start tomorrow morning.我打算明天一早出发。I proposed making an early start tomorrow morning.我建议明天一早出发。4. like, hate, prefer等词后，若表示一般倾向，多用动名词，若表示特定的具体的行为，多用不定式。5. 在f
8、orget, regret, go on, propose, remember, stop, try，mean等词后面接动名词或不定式时，意义差别明显。try：try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事stop：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事go on: go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做原先的事mean: mean to do sth. 想做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事propose: propose to do sth
9、. 打算做某事 propose doing sth. 建议做某事forget: forget to do sth. 忘记该做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事remember: remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事regret: regret to do sth. 为要做某事而感到遗憾、不安regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事例如：I regret to tell you that I have to leave soon. 我遗憾地告诉你，我很快就要走了。 I do regret upset
10、ting them. 我真后悔打扰了他们。I propose going out for a walk after supper. 我提议晚饭后出去散步。I propose to stay here for a few days. 我打算在这再待几天。6. 动词deserve, need, require, want等动词用作“应得，应受”和“需要”讲时，宾语要求跟动名词的主动语态来表示被动意义，或者跟不定式的被动语态形式。Your hair want _. Youd better have it done today.A. cut B. to cut C. being cut D. cutt
11、ing7. 不定式同疑问词一起作宾语（动词+疑问词+to do）时常用的动词包括：consider, decide, know, explain, forget, learn, remember, tell, wonder等。The Clarks havent decided yet which hotel _. A. to stay B. is to stay C. to stay at D. is for staying 8. 在do nothing but / except.(只做，仅做)、do nothing / everything but / except.(只不做，绝不做)后，即
12、当but前有do的某种形式时，后接不带to 的动词不定式。They did nothing but complain. 他们只是抱怨。9. had better, can not (help) but, would rather / soonerthan ,等短语后接不带to的动词不定式。10. 在there is no choice / alternative but.或have no choice / alternative but.两句型中，but后接带to 的动词不定式。 I have no choice but to wait. 我只好等。三、非谓语动词作补语1. 作主语补足语时Hi
13、s suggestion is to invite her. 他的建议是邀请她。His suggestion is inviting. 他的建议很诱人。Jack is highly qualified for the job. 他做这项工作非常称职。He is believed to have died. People believe that he has died.It is believed that he has died. 有些动词如assume（假定，假设）, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume（相信，认为）, report, sa
14、y, suppose, think, understand等转换为被动语态时，既可以跟不定式，也可跟that从句。2. 作宾语补足语在一些使役动词如have, let, make等和一些表示感觉的动词如feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch 等之后要求不带to 的不定式作宾补。四、非谓语动词作状语1. 动词不定式可作目的状语，分词无此用法。2. 现在分词可以作结果状语，但在“so+形容词/副词+as to”结构、“such+名词+as to”结构以及“形容词/副词+enough to”结构中，需用不定式作结果状语；不定式to find, to hear,
15、 to learn, to see等通常表示意外的结果，前面可加上only来突出意外而不愉快的结果。例如：Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with five children.He is not so foolish as to do such thing.他没有傻到做这样的事。The manager cant have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting for so long. 这个经理不可能做出这么糟糕的事，让你等了这么久。We hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.我们急忙赶到车站，结果得知火车已经开走了。3. 现在分词可以作时间状语、伴随状语，不定式无此用法。When visiting a strange
