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1、（十二）句子的类型复合句01 命题趋势 考标导向化近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句(包括直接引语与间接引语的互换)、状语从句和定语从句。预计2015年对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态，状语从句中连词的选择和时态；对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用。02 定义 概念清晰化1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why等，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。2.直接引语指的是直
2、接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句，在句中起到状语的作用。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,notuntil等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that,sothat等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,
3、although等引导)。4.定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why等。03 知识归类 知识网络化宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语分类图解用法例句当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时，用that来引导从句或间接引语，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday.He said
4、 (that) the bank was near the hotel.当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时，用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语，意思是“是否”。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。She asked me if/whether she could join us.He wondered if/whether the workers had finished the work.当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。Do you know who broke the door?She asked m
5、e whose pen that was.特例清单1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether，如果从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：I dont know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。She is worried about whether it is true.她正担心着这件事是否是真的。2.宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态。如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday
6、.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。4.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order等)sb.(not) to do sth
7、.”句型。如：“Dont make any noise.” she said to the children.She told the children not to make any noise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。6.直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。具体见下表：【题组训练】( )1.(2
8、014金华)Jimmy，the 2014 FIFA World Cup is coming.Do you know _ the first match will be on?On June 13th.A.how B.where C.why D.when( )2.(2014安徽)Its so late.Why not write the report tomorrow?But I dont know _ I can do it if not now.A.why B.when C.how D.where( )3.(2014昆明)Excuse me，could you please tell me
9、_?Yes，there is a history museum.A.how often do you go to the history museumB.are there any good museums in KunmingC.how long it takes to get to the history museumD.if there are any good museums in Kunming( )4.(2014镇江)Granny，the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.Oh，could you tell me _
10、?A.how did you go to the parkB.what you did in the tripC.that you saw something beautifulD.if your friends had played with you( )5.(2014十堰)Could you please tell me_ ?Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.A.where is Mount WudangB.how can I get to Wulong RiverC.what is Shennongjia famous forD.if th
11、ere will be a new airport in Shiyan状语从句分类图解分类连接词例句时间状语从句when/while/as, before,after,since,until,as soon asShe was cooking when someone knocked at the door.He often went to the concert while he stayed in Berlin.I didnt go to bed until she came back.条件状语从句if,as long as,unlessIll go to see you if I hav
12、e time.They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday原因状语从句because,since,as,forHe didnt catch the first bus because he got up too late.We should study hard since we are students.目的状语从句so that,in order thatPlease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.结果状语从句so that,sothat/suchthatIt
13、s so hot that we want to go swimming.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.让步状语从句though/although,even,ifAlthough its raining hard,they are still working hard in the field.比较状语从句than,asas,not as/soasHe ran as fast as Mike.【题组训练】( )6.(2014重庆)Id like to have a try，_ I may fail.A.since B.t
14、hough C.until D.after( )7.(2014杭州)In summer milk will quickly go bad _ it is put into a fridge.A.though B.unless C.because D.once( )8.(2014德州)Are you going out，Mike?Its really late now.Its the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil，_ I must go now.A.if B.or C.so D.though( )9.(2014济宁)Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain_ I could stop her.A.until B.after C.before D.unless( )10.(2014广州)Mum says _ I do my homework now，I can watch TV for an hour tonight.A.if B.thoughC.because D.while定语从句分类图解分类引导词例句关系代词who,whom,which,that,whoseThe man who i
