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1、what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“的东西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。2. 表示“的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。He is what is generally called atraitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred w
2、hat he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“的数量或数目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The number of the students in ourschoolis ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑
3、着出来。The young girl was toofrightenedto speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5. 表示“的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。二、用法说明(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：你喜欢什么就拿什么
4、吧。正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.误：You can have everything what you like.(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：误：I gave him what book I
5、had.(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较2009-04-13 23:22先看下面一道单项选择题：_impressed me most was _such a little boy could play the v
6、iolin so well.A. That; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. What; what很明显，这道题考查的知识要点是名词性从句。名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考英语试题考查的重要语法项目之一，是高中阶段的重点，也是难点，尤其对于连接代词that和what的用法,不少学生感到十分困惑，做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。以这道题为例，第一空是what引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语；第二空是that引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不能省略，不作成分，也没词义。虽然that和what都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截
7、然不同。下面我们结合2005年和2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that与what的相关题目对二者在引导名词性从句时的用法加以比较和区别。一2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that与what的相关题目1. - What did your parents think about your decision?- They always let me doI think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what(全国IIT16 )解析：这一题的正确答案是D。what在本题中引导名词性从句并作动词do的宾语。2Engines are to machineshea
8、rts are to animals.A. asB. thatC. whatD.which(山东T23 )解析：这一题的正确答案是C。本题汉语意思为“发动机对于机器正如心脏对于动物一样”。该句式是一个固定句型，其基本结构是“A is to BwhatC is to D ”。在这个句型结构中，what引导的表语从句作第一个are的表语，同时what在表语从句中又作表语。3. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleasedhe was a man of action.A. whic
9、hB. thatC. whatD. whether(湖南T34 )解析：这一题的正确答案是B。本题考查宾语从句的用法，因从句he was a man of action为主系表结构，不缺少句子成分，且表达肯定意义，所以此空应填入连词that, that只起连接作用，不作句子成分。4- Its thirty years since we last met.- But I still remember the story, believe it or not,we got lost on a rainy night.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when(四川T30 )解析：这
10、一题的正确答案是B。本题考查that引导的同位语从句的用法，两个逗号之间的部分believe it or not为插入语，因空的后面是一个语法意义上完整的句子，可以断定这是一个以that引导的同位语从句。A项which引导定语从句在从句中要作成分；C项What引导名词性从句时意思是“-的东西/事情/人/时间/地点等”，等同于定语从句中的“先行词+ that ”，本句中已有先行词the story,如选what造成语意的重复；D项when引导定语从句从句缺少表时间的先行词。二that引导的名词性从句首先，在引导名词性从句时，that一般具有不可省略性。连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省
11、略外，引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。例如：It is required in the regulationsthatyou should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.( 2005天津)- Dont you think it necessary that he not be sent to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem isthathe has refused to.( 2005江苏)There is much chancethatBil
12、l will recover from his injury in time for the race.( 2006天津T14 )Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examination andthatten of us got full mark.以上四个句子中，that分别引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和宾语从句，除在第四个例句中第一个that可以省略外，其他的that均不可省略。其次，在引导名词性从句时，that不作句子中的任何成分。例如：Nobody believed his reason
13、for being absent from the classthathe had to meet his uncle at the airport.( 2006重庆T33 )该句中，that引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分。It is our beliefthatimprovements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.( 2006浙江T4 )该句中，it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句才是整个句子的真正主语，that在句中不作任何成分。最后，在引导名词性从句时，that没有任何词汇意义。A
14、 warm thought suddenly came to methatI might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.( 2006安徽T29 )Danby left word with my secretarythathe would call again in the afternoon.( 2005浙江)在以上两个考例中，that仅起引导同位语从句的作用，没有任何词汇意义。综上所述，that在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略，不作成分，没有词义。三what引导的名词性从句首先，what引导名词性从句时，what在
