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1、 2020年高考英语一轮考点扫描专题11 冠词一、 【知识精讲】（一）不定冠词1. a/an用于人名前,意为“一个叫的人/一个样的人/一件人的作品”。Sorry, we dont have a Johnson here in the village.2. amost 表示“很,非常”。The party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere.3. 序数词前一般加定冠词the表示“第几”,但序数词前可加不定冠词a/an,表示“另一个,又一个”。In order to find a better job, he decided to study a secon
2、d foreign language.4. 不定冠词a与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵,一份”。Please give me a black coffee!5. 用于抽象名词或物质名词前,使其具体化,表示与其相关的具体的人或事。He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us.6. 用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前,表示“一次,一番”等(通常与have, take, make, give等动词连用)。Lets go out for a walk. 7. 有些不可数名词如knowledge,
3、collection, understanding等是由其动词转化而来,它们后面加of.时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in our class.8. 用于“quite/such/what a(n)形容词单数可数名词”结构中。Dont be in such a hurry. What a terrible experience! 9. 用在某些表示数量的短语中。a lot of；a couple of；a great many；a great deal of；a pack o
4、f；a bit of；a few of；a large quantity of（二）定冠词1. 定冠词的四种基本用法（1）特指某(些)人或某(些)物或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,或者指上文已经提到的人或事物。(第一次提到用“a/an”,以后再次提到用“the”)Do you know the man standing at the gate of the park?There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.（2）用于世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表
5、示发明物等名词前。The moon rises in the east and sets in the west.注意：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如space,nature,man。（3）用在乐器特别是西洋乐器前。My brother is playing the violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet.注意：乐器名词表示具体的器物或课程时,不加the。He bought a piano last month.She taught piano in the school. （4）用于序数词、形容词最高级前。Ev
6、erything seemed to be going smoothly for the first two days.Walmart is one of the largest American supermarket chains. 2. 定冠词的其他用法（1）用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人或夫妇；用于形容词、分词前,表示一类人或物。the Turners特纳一家；the rich；the old； the sick（2）用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are
7、 going to university for further education.（3）在句型“动词sb.介词the身体某一部位”中要用the,而不用人称代词。take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂hit sb. in the face 打中某人的脸（4）用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等。by后面接表示面积、体积、重量、长、高、宽、深的名词时,中间不加冠词。I got paid by the hour. 我按小时计酬。by weight/length/width/depth按照重量
8、/长度/宽度/深度（5）用在the比较级的句型中。 the比较级,the比较级,表示“越越”In a word, the more they communicate with each other, the better theyll know each other. the比较级of, 表示“两个中较的一个”She is the taller of the two girls.（6）定冠词the用在某些固定短语中。all the best (祝您)一切顺利；at the same time；out of the question不可能的；the other day；with the help
9、 of；on the contrary；on the other hand；on the whole。（三） 零冠词1. 零冠词的三种基本用法（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名、头衔、职务的名词前,一般不加冠词。He will take over as general manager when Mr Smith retires.（2）表示季节、年份、日期、节日、假日和一日三餐的名词前,一般不加冠词。We had bacon and eggs for breakfast.（3）表示学科、球类运动和棋牌类游戏的名词前不用冠词。In that school, English is c
10、ompulsory for all students, but French and Russian are optional.2. 零冠词的其他用法（1）系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词,但名词前若有形容词作定语时,则必须加冠词。Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.She has turned a successful singer.（2）as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。Child as/though she is, she plays the violin perf
11、ectly. （3）一人兼多种身份的情况,只在第一个名词前使用冠词,其他名词前不再使用冠词。The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.（4）no与such连用时,such后的名词不用冠词。There is no such thing as a free lunch.（5）表示泛指或一般概念的抽象名词前,即使有描绘性修饰词,仍不用冠词。I like light music very much. 注意：若表示特指,抽象名词前用定冠词。I like the music of Mozart. （6）在通常情况下,专有名词前不用冠词。Smit
12、h lives in London. 注意：若表示特指,专有名词前有时也可以用定冠词。专有名词转化为普通名词,其前可用 a/an,表示某人或某人的一部作品、艺术品等。He is a Newton of today. 他是当代的牛顿。（7）在某些固定短语、习惯用法中,不用冠词。 成对使用的词, 如：father and son父子；hand in hand手拉手；back to back背靠背；from time to time有时；day in and day out日复一日。 介词短语,如：in advance提前；by chance碰巧；at ease自由自在；in general总的来说
13、；in place在适当的位置；in case of万一,以防；at risk处境危险；in particular尤其,特别；on behalf of代表。 动词短语,如：pay attention to注意；make fun of取笑；make sense讲得通,有意义；give way to让路,让步；give birth to产生,分娩；take place发生。二、 【典例精练】1. _prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.2. Brian is gifted in writing m
14、usic; he is very likely to be _ Beethoven.3. _more learned a man is, _ more modest he usually becomes.4. Janes grandmother had wanted to write_childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _way.5. I just heard_ bank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask. 6. Of
15、_nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.7. Everybody wears_same style of clothes.8. When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was_ joke.9. Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country has grown more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over_past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.10.
