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1、句子成分 英语五大句型句子成分(Members of a Sentence)一、概念什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。主语：动作发出者谓语：主语发出的动作宾语：动作的承受者表语：表示主语“是什么”
2、，“怎么样”补语：补充说明主语或宾语状语：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、程度、比较和伴随成分定语：用来修饰名词，代词（形容词性质“的”）同位语：指代同一事物的两个词、片语或子句,称同位关系分析下面句子的成分 You beat him. 主谓宾分别是哪个 She is a teacher，and she is beautiful. (表语） He ran quickly in the playground at 16:00 yesterday . (状语） This is a beautiful garden. (定语） Our capital , Beijing. (同位语）I met m
3、y best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 二、 英语句子的类型简单句 只有一个主谓结构 She is a student.并列句：两个或以上的主谓结构 She is a student, and she studies hard.复合句：一个主句加一个或几个从句 She is a student who studies hard. 三、英语五种基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： + （主谓）二： + + （主系表）三： + +
4、 （主谓宾）四： + + IO +DO （主谓间宾直宾）五： + + + （主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一： （主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词（不能直接跟宾语），后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词）1. Time 2. The man3. We all 4. He 5.Theyflies. cooked. eat, and drink. is playinghave gone 基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型的句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,这类动词叫做连系动词。系
5、动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 （系动词）(表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻)fell looks is
6、 is becameturned a dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Ann 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want s
7、aid the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类） A：动词后加to (give sb sth
8、=give sth to sb)give给 show给 看 send寄，打电报 bring带 pass递给 lend借给 leave留给hand交给 tell告诉return把还给write给写信 throw扔 promise答应 refuse拒绝 B：动词后加for (buy sb sth=buy sth for sb)make生产，制造 buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌 pay为交钱 （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her h
9、usband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。5. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 （及物） （宾语） （宾补）
10、1. They appointed him manager. 他们任命他当经理。2. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色3. This set them thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。4. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。5. What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？6. We saw him out. 我们送他出去7. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。8. I saw them getting on the bus.
11、 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 句子成分练习题1. They work hard. 2.The flower is dead.3. Plants need water. 4.He gives me some seeds.5. We should keep the plants in the shade. 6.Many animals live in trees.7.He kept me a dictionary. 8.Shall I leave you the camera? 9. We find the book interesting. 10.Heisascientist11.Singin
12、g makes me happy. 12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .13.Youmustlistentoher. 14. My uncle bought me an e-dictionary. 习题练习1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his name C. t
13、hat his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come home D. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morni
