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1、u 英语四级语法u 英语四级语法精讲否定大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽，对不少考生来说都是一个难题。希望通过本专题的学习，考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握！否定：全部否定和部分否定All the birds can not fly.Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。1. 部分否定eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鸟都会飞。None of the birds can fly. 所有的鸟都不会飞。代词或副词如all，both，every，everybody，every day，everyone，everyth
2、ing，everywhere等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是等。eg. All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。= Not all is gold that glitters.2. 全部否定英语中常用not，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither，never等表示全部否定的概念。eg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。eg. W: Daddy, I ve decided to
3、give up science and go to business school.M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your own way, but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A. The man doesnt have money for his daughters graduate studies.B.
4、 The man doesnt think his daughter will get a business degree.C. The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D. The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.双重否定1.在阅读当中出现的频率更高一些。在一个句子中出现两个否定词：not，never，hardly，scarcely，rarely，seldom，few，little，
5、none等，双重否定表示肯定的概念。eg. No one can command others who cannot command himself.A perpson can command others who command himself. 正人先正己。eg. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they can not fully participate in our democracy.如果没有能力进行批判性思维，维护自己
6、的观点，并理解他人的观点，他们就不能充分的参与我们的民主政治中来。2. 形式否定，意义肯定A man can never have too many ties. 一个男人可以拥有很多的领带。A woman can never have too many dresses. 一个女人拥有再多的衣服也不为过。We can hardly praise his achievement too much. 对他的成就我们无论怎样赞扬也不过分。A mother can never be patient enough with her child. 一个母亲对她的孩子再怎么耐心也不为过。A teacher c
7、an never be strict enough with his students. 一个老师对他的学生再怎么严格也不为过。这种形式主要运用于阅读当中。u 英语四级语法基础知识动词（1）u 英语四级语法基础知识：动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等)时态1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成)：动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。Ive been writing letters for an hour.Ive been sitting in the garden.2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成
8、)：过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作。Id been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)将来完成进行时：将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作。By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another months time shell have been studying here for three years.4)将来完成时(由shal
9、l/will have + 过去分词构成)：将来某时已发生的事。I shall have finished this one before lunch.Theyll have hit the years target by the end of October.语态可以有两种被动结构的类型，例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的有assume，believe，expect
10、，fear，feel，know，presume，report，say，suppose，understand等。It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义，例如：Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)双宾语及宾补结构
11、的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态：双宾语结构变为被动语态时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态：She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered q
12、uite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短语动词：1.Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.2.Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.3.Vi + prep (有被动语态)Shes looking after her sisters children.The children were always well looked after.4.Vi + adv + prepI began to look forwar
13、d to their visits.5.Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.6.Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.7.Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.英语四级语法基础知识：在以as，than，when，if，unless等引导的从句中的省
14、略：在有些状语从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉。Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk with
15、out support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very youn
