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1、被动语态讲解英语动词有两种语态:主动语态（表示主语是动作的执行者）；被动语态（主语是动作的承受者）。被动语态的核心结构： be+done（过去分词) be+done (+by+动作的执行者)be随着时态的变化而变化，可以构成不同时态的被动语态 被动语态的考点：考点一、不同时态的被动语态（一般现在时/过去时/将来时、现在完成时的被动语态）；考点二、几种特殊结构的被动语态:1.情态动词的被动语态；2.带有双宾的被动语态；3.“ 动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构变为被动语态；4. 使役动词以及感官动词后面不定式作宾语补语时的被动语态；5. 动词词组如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等被动结构。考点三、主动形
2、式表被动意义的情况。理 解：如何使用被动语态解题技巧1.分析句子中主谓关系；2.根据句中提供的时间状语或上下文的暗示判断被动语态时态； 3.记住（背）一些被语态的特殊结构和用法考点讲解考点一：不同时态的被动语态（以动词do为例） 核心思路：时态+be done 不同时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 特殊疑问句：_2. 一般过去时的被动语态：肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 特殊疑问句：_3. 一般将来时的被动语态：肯定句：_ 否定句：_ （will，be going to）一般疑问句：_ 特殊疑问句：_ 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句
3、：_ 特殊疑问句：_4. 现在完成时的被动语态：肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 特殊疑问句：_以此类推可得其他时态的被动语态，现在进行时：am/is /are being done ；过去进行时was/were being done ；过去完成时had been done ；过去将来时should/would be done ；将来完成时（少用）shall/will have been done 考点二：几种特殊结构的被动语态1.带情态动词的被动结构： 情态动词(not)be done 例：The baby should be taken good care of by the bab
4、y-sitter.2. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，直接宾语（人），间接宾语（物）。在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. (通常变为主语的是间接宾语) 若将直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for 。例如上句还可以改为：A present was given to him by his mother.3
5、.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4.在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was see
6、n to walk into the building.5.相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例:Teachers take good care of the children in the kindergarden.改为： The children are taken good care of by teachers in the kindergarden.6. It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, ex
7、pect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The
8、boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）考点三：主动形式表示被动意义的情况。1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.这类衣服很好洗。注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont
9、be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out,result等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意
10、义。例：The cake tastes delicious.4.need/want/require+doing 相当于need/want/require+ to be done动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式(to be done).例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。5 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。be worth doing 值得做例The picture-book is worth reading（The pi
11、cture-book is very worthy to be read）如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus a
12、nd was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）。练习一：基础选择题：( )1. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked ( )2. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed ( )3. The lab _ about fi
13、ve years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built ( )4. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up ( )5. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. was.grew D. wasgrown ( )6. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken ( )7. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing ( )8. Changan Road is _of people.A. filledB. fill C. fullD. fulled ( )9. Man-mad
