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1、现在完成时1.构成: 由“助动词have/ has+ 动词的过去分词”构成。 2.用法: 1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现造成的影响或结果。Who has opened the door ?(说明门现在是开着的) (Who opened the door just now and the door is open.） 区别： I have seen the film. (说明我现在了解电影内容) I saw the film yesterday.(只涉及看电影是昨天看的，不涉及到现在的情况。） I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片邮寄了。（
2、邮寄是过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果是“照片不在我这里”。） He has come home. =He came home just now and he is at home now. He came home just now. 2) 表示过去开始，持续到现在而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，往往和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）一段的时间状语连用。如：“for+时间段” “since+ 从句 / 时间点”, 但注意与短语/从句连用时，句中的谓语动词必须用延续性动词，不能用非延续性动词即瞬间动词，短暂性动词或终止性动词。 瞬间动词的特点：所表示的动作都是在很短时间内发生，
3、不可连续地重复发生。（动作一旦发生便立刻结束，不可连续） 终止性动词如：buy, join, become, fall, come. go, die, borrow, see, begin, arrive,hear, open, leave, close, shut, stop, start, finish, reach, return, lend, put, put on, get to, wake, turn on/ off 注意：终止性动词不能和表示延续性的一段时间状语连用，如不能与for,since引导的时间状语或从句连用。 不能说：How long have you left Bei
4、jing ? 而应说：How long have you been away from Beijing? 或：When did you leave Beijing ? 非延续性动词的否定式可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent heard from her for a month. I havent seen him since last Sunday. 与表示持续一段时间连用时，句中的谓语动词必须用延续性动词连用不能用终止性动词。此时就必须把终止性动词转化为延续性动词连用。 （用右边的词或词组来代替左边的终止性动词）join the Party-be a Party member
5、/be in the Party join the league-be a League member/be in the League join the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join-be in /be a member of begin / start-be on get ready-be ready get to know-know open-be open get up-be up put on-be on go to bed-sleep come back-be back catch a coldhave a cold lose-be
6、missing注意下面句意相同的句子： 1.他离家两年了。 He has been away from home for two years. He left home two years ago. It is two years since he left home. Two years has passed since he left home. 2.他父亲死了三年了。 His father has been dead for three years. His father died three years ago. 3.我哥哥参军四年了。 My brother has been in t
7、he army/a soldier for four years. 4.这本书我买了两个月。 I have had the book for two months. 5.他来北京半年了。 He has been in Beijing for half a year. 6.爷爷从十八岁就入了党。 Grandpa has been a Party member since he was 18 years old.7.这本书你借了多久？两周。 How long have you kept the book ? I have kept it for two weeks. 8.他已睡了两个小时。 He
8、has been asleep for two hours. 注意遇到非延续性动词时，应换用某些延续动词，如：live, study, learn, teach, work, have, know, sleep, wait等。 He began to teach in our school two years ago. -He has taught in our school for two years.1. Miss Brown has taught physics for 15 years.- How long has Miss brown taught physics ?2. He ha
9、s visited that village twice.- How many times has he visited that village ?用所给词的适当形式填空： 1. A: _ John _ (wash) his shirt yet ? B: Yes, he _. A: When _ he _ (wash) it ? B: Five minutes ago. 2. _ you ever _ (speak) a foreigner ? 3.He _ (be) to Guangzhou twice already. 4.He _ (see) the film twice alread
10、y. 5.The train _ just _ (arrive). 6. A:_ We Hua _ (come) yet ? B: Yes. She _ (come) already. A: When _ she _ (come) ? B: She _ (come) here a moment ago. 7. -Where is Jim ? -He _ (go) to the school library.have/ has been (to)和have/ has gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to)表示“曾经到过某地”，但现在人不在那儿,已经回来了，常与eve
11、r, just, never等词连用。其后可接once. twice, three times等表示次数的词。而have/ has gone (to)则表示“到某地去了”现在人不在这里，人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。1.-Where have you been ?- Ive just been to the library. 2.-Wheres Wei Fang ? - Shes gone to the shop.Where has he been ?他刚才到哪儿去了？(他已回来)Where has he gone ?他上哪儿去了？(他现在不在 这里.)She has been to Shan
12、ghai. 她到过上海。（她现在已不在上海了）She has gone to Shanghai.她到上海去了。（她可能在去上海的路上了，或者已到上海，总之，现在不在这里。）Mr. Green isnt here. He has gone to Shanghai .此外 “have / has been in + 地点名词”表示某人在某处呆过多长时间。如：How long have you been in Sydney ?用have (has) been与 have (has) gone填空：1. _ you ever _ to Shanghai ? Yes, I _ _ there twice
13、.2.-Where is Jim ? - He _ _ to Xian.3.- Where _ you _ ? I _ _ to a water park.4.He _ never _ to the Great Wall.5.-_ he _ to England before ?- Yes, he _ _ there many times.6.My mother isnt in Beijing. She _ _ to Shenzhen today.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：y
14、esterday, last night, just now, three weeks ago, in 2000等。而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容)I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。)He has lived here since 2000. 2000年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里。)He lived here in 2000. 2000年他住在这里。(不涉及现在他是否还住在这里。)A: Have you ever been to England ?B: No, never. What about you ?A: Yes, I have.B: How m
