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1、水力学、河流动力学、流体力学专业词汇Fundamental Glossary in HydraulicsHydrostatics 水静力学Hydrodynamics 水动力学Physical properties of water水的物理性质Density密度 specific gravity 比重Kinematic viscosity 运动粘性 absolute viscosity动力粘性Elastic modulus 弹性模量 surface tension 表面张力Temperature 温度 isotropic (y) 各向同性Anisotropic (y) 各向异性 uniform
2、(ity) 均匀(性)Heterogeneous (ity)不均匀(性)Main force主要作用力Gravity重力 inertia force惯性力 pressure 压力(强) drag阻力Mass force质量力 surface force表面力Constitutive relationship 本构关系Stress 应力 strain应变 deformation 变形displacement位移normal 法向 tangent 切向 shear 剪力 acceleration加速度Angular deformation 角变形Local acceleration 当地加速度 c
3、onvective acceleration迁移加速度compressibility 压缩性 continuity连续性Scalar纯量vector矢量tensor张量magnitude模(大小)direction方向Divergence 散度 curl 旋度 gradient 梯度Source源 sink汇Frequency频率amplitude 振幅phase 相位 resonance共振Mass conservation 质量守恒 momentumconservation 动量守恒 energy conservation 能量守恒Initial condition 初始条件 bounda
4、ry condition边界条件Ordinal differential equation常微分方程 partial differential equation 偏微分方程Convection,advection 对流 diffusion 扩散 dispersion 弥散 decay 衰减degradation降解Flow pattern流态flow type 流型Laminar flow 层流 turbulent flow 紊流Supercritical flow 急流 subcritical flow缓流 critical flow临界流Rapidly varied flow急变流 gra
5、dually varied flow渐变流Uniform flow均匀流 non-uniform flow非均匀流Mainstream flow主流 wake flow尾流Steady flow恒定流 unsteady flow非恒定流One-dimensional flow 一维流 two-dimensional flow二维流three-dimensional flow三维流Single-phase flow 单相流 double-phase flow 两相流 multi-phase flow多相流Irrotational flow无旋流 potential flow 势流 rotatio
6、nal flow 有旋流Open channel flow 明渠流 free surface flow 自由表面流 (明渠流)Pipe flow管流 pressure flow有压流Jet射流 plume卷流(羽流) cross flow横流Stagnation point驻点 separation point分离点Coherent structure相干结构 bursting猝发 turbulent intensity紊动强度Boundary layer边界层 viscous sub-layer粘性底层displacement thickness排挤厚度 mixing length混掺长度F
7、low field,current field流场 flow net流网Submerged discharge 淹没出流 unsubmerged discharge非淹没出流Renolds number雷诺数Froude number 佛汝德数Prandtl number普朗特数 Courant number柯朗数Peclet 彼克雷特数 dimensionless number无量纲数Streamline流线 path line迹线Vortex line涡线 vortex ring 涡环 vortex street涡街Flux通量 circulation环量 vorticity涡度Water
8、 level ,water stage水位discharge , flow-rate ,flow流量Water depth 水深 velocity 流速Roughness糙率 water surface profile水面线 bed slope 底坡Velocity fluctuation脉动流速 pressure fluctuation脉动压强Instantaneous velocity瞬时流速 mean velocity平均流速 time-averaged velocity时均流速Depth-averaged velocity水深平均流速 velocity gradient 流速梯度pre
9、ssure gradient压强梯度Cross-section of flow ,wet cross section过水断面Wetted perimeter湿周hydraulic radius水力半径Hydraulic head水头Elevation head位置水头piezometric head测压管水头 velocity head 流速水头Head loss水头损失 frictional loss 沿程损失 local head loss局部损失Entrance head loss 进口水头损失 exit head loss 出口水头损失bend head loss弯头水头损失 Abru
10、pt expansion head loss 突扩损失contraction head loss收缩损失 Transition head loss渐变段损失Hydraulic jump 水跃 hydraulic drop跌水 conjugate depth共轭水深Weir堰Sharp-crested weir尖顶堰broad-crested weir 宽顶堰 practical weir实用堰Orifice 孔口 nozzle管嘴Dam坝 sluice水闸 spillway溢洪道Tunnel隧洞 penstock 压力水管 culvert涵洞Aqueduct渡槽 siphon pipe虹吸管E
11、nergy dissipation device 消能工Stilling basin 消力池 roller bucket 消力戽Baffle pier 消力墩 plunge pool 跌水池Energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底流消能Energy dissipation by surface regime面流消能Ski-jump energy dissipation 挑流消能Nappe 水舌 vena-contracta收缩断面Cavitation空化 cavitation damage 空蚀Aeration 掺气Water wave水波 water ham
12、mer水锤Hydraulic and river dynamics 水力学及河流动力学Sediment泥沙 bed load 床沙suspension load 悬沙wash load 冲泻质Incipient velocity起动流速 settling velocity沉速Fluvial process河床演变 deGrounder water 地下水seepage渗透 permeability 渗透性Similaritysimilærititheory 相似理论Hydraulic modeling水力模拟Physical modeling 物理模拟Undistorted mod
13、el正态模型 distorted model变态模型Similitude 相似准则similarity相似性 full scale 足尺 reduced scale缩尺Fluid measurement 流动量测 flow visualization 流动可视化Transducer，sensor 传感器 probe探头 scale 比尺 flume 水槽 Numerical modeling数值模拟Finite element 有限元 finite difference有限差 finite volume 有限体积 boundary element边界元Characteristics特征线Scheme 方法(格式) algorithm算法 turbulence model 紊流模型Large-eddy simulation 大涡模拟 Grid网格 node结点 time step时间步长 nodal spacing 结点间距Coefficient系数 parameter参数Expl
