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1、规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped, triptripped元音：a e i o u 辅音：b d g v r z n p m t c （k g) f l s h j x重读闭音节法：两个辅音间夹着一个元音。4.
2、 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词的过去式构成：（1）把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如： beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam（2）把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drivedrove，riderode，writewrote（3）改动词原形中的awow为ew，变成过去式。如： drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthr
3、ew（动词show除外，showshowed）（4）动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot（5）动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmet（6）动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept（7）动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke（8）动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如： sellsold，telltold（9）动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood（10）以ou
4、ght和aught结尾的过去式。如： bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught（11）以ould结尾的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould（12）把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame（13）在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式。如： hearheard， saysaid，meanmeant（14）动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如： letlet，mustmust，putput，readread（15）不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：
5、am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook动词的ing形式作表语，定语和宾补一、动词-ing形式作表语（表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。）1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as poss
6、ible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。二、 动词-ing
7、形式作定语（在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语）1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room= a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method=a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries = countries that are dev
8、eloping发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is p
9、laying basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。三、动词-ing形式作宾补（补充说明宾语）1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语
10、。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）I felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb
11、/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。练习：1. Can China rid the countr
12、y of_(hungry). 2. All the _(equip) should be changed.3. The reporters said that they wanted_ _(free)of speech.4. I would rather you _(be) not here now.5. Li ming speaks English fluently as if he _ (be)an Englishman.6. It was thanks _ _his advice that I succeeded.7. In my view, students should focus
13、their attention _ study.8. The special strain of rice makes _ _possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.9. Dr. Yuan grows _ _is called super hybrid rice.10. Miss lius holiday in Guangzhou led to her_ _(marry) a man from New Zealand.11. I think it no use _ _(argue) with him.1
14、2. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ _(lose) her new bicycle, I think.13. While shopping , people sometimes cant help_ _(persuade)into buying things they dont really need.14. When we watched national flag_ _(raise) in the Olympic Games on TV, we raised a cheer.15. To help him _ _(mean) delay
15、ing more than a week or so.16. After his death, the rest of his money _ _(give)to his son, which made the young boy very happy.17. It was in a shop nearby_ _ I bought my new handbag.18. The fine weather makes _ _possible for us to go for an outing next week.19. We got three times as many people_ _we had expected.20. It _ _(observe)that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.21
