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1、一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气) I work - I work you work - you work he works - he work (注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works) she works - she work (不是 she works 喔） it works - it work (同样不是 it works 喔) we work - we work they
2、work - they work1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气） I am working - I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!) you are working - you be working he is working - he be working she is working - she be working it is working - it be working we are working - we be working they are woring - they be working1.3 现在完成时态
3、(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气) I have worked - I have worked you have worked - you have worked he has worked - he have worked (用的还是have喔) she has worked - she have worked it has worked - it have worked we have worked - we have worked they have worked - they have worked1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Conti
4、nuous):(右边为虚拟语气) I have been working - I have been working you have been working - you have been working he has been working - he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has ) she has been working - she have been working it has been working - it have been working we have been working - we have been work
5、ing they have been working - they have been working嘘，暂时休息一会儿。下回再谈虚拟过去的动词有什么不同。如何，你喜欢她吗？谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（二）二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去中要用 were。2.1 过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气) I worked - I worked you worked - you worked he worked - he worked she worked - she
6、 worked it worked - it worked we worked - we worked they worked - they worked2.2 过去进行时态(Past Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气) I was working - I were working （注意是 I were） you were working - you were working he was working - he were working (是 he were 喔) she was working - she were working it was working - it wer
7、e working we were working - we were working they were working - they were working2.3 过去完成时态(Past Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气) I had worked - I had worked you had worked - you had worked he had worked - he had worked she had worked - she had worked it had worked - it had worked we had worked - we had worked th
8、ey had worked - they had worked (耶，全部都用 had ! )2.4 过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气) I had been working - I had been working you had been working - you had been working he had been working - he had been working she had been working - she had been working it had been working - it had been w
9、orking we had been working - we had been working they had been working - they had been working (全部都是 had been 喔）看来很简单，是吧？下回我们就要谈到她的本领了。再见了！谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（三）虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。三、简单的祝愿和命令：3.1 祝愿 1. May you be happy. (注意那个 be ) 祝你幸福。 2. May you have a good time. 3. May the friendshi
10、p between us last long, 4. Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！3.2 命令 注意：1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。 1. Work ! 2. Work harder ! 3. Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词 Be) 4. You go out ! 5. Do not work so hard. (do n
11、ot 表示否定的虚拟语气) 6. Dont be afraid. (口语中常用dont 代替 do not)这回就谈这么多，不会嫌少吧。谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(四)四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(Modal Verb)的过去时态 (could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等：1. Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office. (情态动词 would,表示客气有礼)2. It would be better for you not to stay
12、 up too late.(表示委婉)五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法：5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)： 表示：a.和现在的事实相反； b.和过去的事实相反； c.对将来的主观愿望。5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. (wish, 动词过去式 knew) 我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown al
13、l the year around. (wish, were) 但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were) 但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home. (wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. (wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能
14、懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us. (will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用had + 过去分词（时间上较前): 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)5.1.3 将来
