《虚拟语气讲解.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《虚拟语气讲解.doc(4页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。 2)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 1 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表: 句 型 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 祈使句 情态动词一般现在时 例如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来,会带小提琴来的。 典型例题 The volleyball match will be
2、put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。 注意: 1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2 非真实条件句
3、 1)虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。 a. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 一般过去时(be用were) should(would)等 +动词原形 例如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。 含义:They are not here, they cant help you. b. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(would)等+ have+ 过去分词 例如:If he had come yesterday, I should / would ha
4、ve told him about it.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。 含义:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should/would等 + 动词原形 were+ 不定式 should+ 动词原形 例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。 If you should succeed, everything would be all r
5、ight. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 含义:You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now. 3 混合条件句 有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如: If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。 (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实
6、相反。) If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today (现在).如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。 4 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如: Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。 Had you come earlier, you
7、would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。 注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。例如: If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。 If he we
8、re here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。 典型例题 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Wer
9、ent I to do。 5 特殊的虚拟语气词should 1)在主语从句中的应用 It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。 It is 可用的词有三类 that (should)do suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等 a pity, a shame, no wond
10、er等 2)在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如: I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。 He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。 注意:如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示
11、、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。 判断改错: (错) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+
12、动词原形。例如: My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。 I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议,下周我们开个会。 6 wish的用法 1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为: 主句 从句 从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were) 现在时 过去时 从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词) 过去时 过
13、去完成时 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形 例如:I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2)wish to do;wish sb / sth to do。例如: I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。 I wish the manager to be infor
14、med at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)我希望经理能马上得到消息。 7 比较if only与only if only if表示只有;if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如: I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。 8 It is (high) time that It is
15、 (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。例如: It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。 It is high time that the children should go to bed. 9 need 不必做和本不必做 didnt need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 neednt have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如: John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to me