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1、全面剖析阅读理解，切实提高应试能力【题型解读】 阅读理解在高考英语试卷中始终是分值最高的一种题型，随着近几年高考改革的不断深入，阅读理解更多地强调对考生阅读速度、知识面和理解能力的考查，试题变得越来越灵活，内容更加多样化，涉及政治、经济、文化、历史、人物、科普、新闻、广告等。【考纲解读】 考试大纲对阅读部分的要求是：要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：(1)理解主旨和要义；(2)理解文中具体信息；(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义；(4)作出简单判断和推理；(5)理解文章的基本结构；(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。【题型剖析】细节理解题尽管近几年高考
2、英语阅读试题中推断题的数量呈不断增加的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度有所增加。一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。它一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案；常用who，whatwhen，where，why和how等提问)及语义转换题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换；两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理方能得出结论)。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该类题型的关键，同时这也是做好其他类型题的基础。这类题的题干常
3、为：When/Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is(not)correct? Which of the following statements is(not)mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except_二、解题思路与应试技巧细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在
4、原文中找到，即对原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，进而成为正确选项。 2词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 3语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，进而成为正确答案。 4正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。在该类试题中，干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设置的，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使对应选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。
5、2把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。3无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4偷换概念。把原来做某事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不 小心就会误选。5文不对题。这类选项最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。细节题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中就显得非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。一篇短文里的大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细
6、节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 下面结合最新高考试题，谈谈不同类型细节题的解题技巧。1直接信息题 对此类题，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以关键词为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找对应细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。 【考例】(2011全国卷 D篇)Wanted ,Someone for a KissWere looking for producers to join us on the sou
7、nd of London Kiss 100 FM. Youll work on the stations music programmes .Music production experience in radio is necessary ,along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.Father ChristmasWere looking for a very special person, preferably over 4
8、0 ,to fill our Father Christmas suit. Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10:30-16:oo. Excellent pay.Please contact(联系) the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne.Accountants AssistantWhen you join
9、 the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you .This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for so
10、mebody who has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSoftware TrainerIf you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your
11、own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV(简历) to MrsR. Oglivie, Palmlace limited.（A） 2间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题，对考生来说有一定难度。 【考例】（2011 辽宁卷 C篇）Many people believe Hen
12、ry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the worlds first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a cars parts to the worker, instead of making th
13、e worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line. In the early days of the automobile, almost every ear make
14、r raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Fords most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself. The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but
15、 only two were left: the Winton and Fords. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began. 来源:学科网来源:学科网 The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the
