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1、英汉语言对比-习题+答案英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. Analytic1. An swer Questi onsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. I.What are synthetic Ianguages（综合语）？ How are they characterized?According to Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized
2、by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”2. What are analytical languages （分析语）？ How are they characterized？According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary
3、 verbs and changes in words order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3. Why English language is more flexible in word order （语 序）？ Why is it not so inChinese？Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order
4、 is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4. What is the usual word order in English sentences？ What are the nine types ofinversion in Engl
5、ish sentences？The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion,t （ （I signpost inversion, negative
6、 inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the EC differences in formal words（形式词）？English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in e
7、xpression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emoti on s, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢，and others.6. How many kinds of
8、formal words （形式词）are there in English language？2. There are five types of formal words, that is:i. article, including a, an, and the;ii. preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii. auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv. coordinator, including and, but, or; subordin
9、ator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7. Why Chinese is called Tone Language （声调语言）？Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.II. Fill in the Bla nksDirections: Fill in the blanks with t
10、he best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为 特征的语言，分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功 能词，助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。12. 英语有形态变化，词序比汉语灵活，但相对固 定。13. 英语属于综合分析语言语言。14. 形态变化、词序和虚词是 表达语法意义的三大手段。15. 形态变化就是词的形式变化，包括构词形态和构 形形态。16. 现代英语的变化主要包括性、数、格、时、体、语态语气、 比较级、人称、词性等变化。17. 汉语的数量助词有们，动
11、态助词有着、了和过等。18. 汉语结构助词的、地、得类似于应用英语形态变化， 但缺乏普遍性。19. 英汉语在主谓宾的排列上都是主-动-宾（表）顺序。20. 汉语的定语一般放在名词的后面，英语的定语一般放在 名词的前面。21. 汉语没有形态变化，少用或不用关联词词，没有定语从 句，名词之前定语的长度不宜太长。22. 汉语的实践顺序和逻辑顺序是按照由先到后、由因到 果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论的顺序。23. 英语的虚词包括冠词、介词、助动词、并列 连接词、和从属连接词。24. 汉语的虚词包括介词、助词和连词。25. 英语的语音系统由元音、辅音、重读和 语调组成。26. 汉语的语音系统由声母、韵母
12、和声调组成IU.Tra nslate betwee n E/C Lan guagesDirections: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the use of omission strategy. Try to make your translation brief.27. 中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对 的，不对的就是不对的。What is right is right, and what is wrong is wrong, n
13、omatter a Chinese or foreigner, dead or alive he is.28. 她有野心，她姐姐野心更大，想成为一个大明星。 Her ambition is biggerthan her sister. She wants to be a super star.29. 在当今中国，人人都在练功夫，功夫课也成为中国中部地区一 些中学的必修课。In present China, all the people are practicing Chinese kongfu, which has become a compulsory course in some midd
14、leschools in the central part of China.30. 上学的，上学了；下海的，下海了。Some went to college, and some gotinto business.31. 这是一部美国的热门影片。This is a hot American film.32. 周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴。Chou Enlai is elegant andconsiderate.33. 如蒙早日寄来样品和报价，我方将不胜感激。We wouldappreciate it ifyou can send us the sample and quotation early.
15、34. 我们大家都看出他能说会道。All of us found him eloquent.35. 这笔资金注入，将给这个城市带来活力。The capital willinvigorate thecity.36. 骄傲使人落后。Pride keeps one from progress.37. 一把大火把整个村子烧成了白地。 The fire has turned the whole villageinto a ruin.38. 我们必须阻止陌生人靠近。We must keep the strangersaway.41. 这种结果真让我郁闷。The result really depresse
16、d me.42. 该型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。The new cars are fast, efficientand handy.43. 新疆产地毯图案新颖，色调雅致，备受青睐。The carpetsmade in Xinjiangare beautiful and magnificent for their novel design and elegantcolors.44. According to John, my cousin, London was most beautiful then.45. In three hours we reached Washington monument,
