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1、九定语从句 I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who 人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom 人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingTh
2、e boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $
3、10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.As we know, China is great. / China is great, as we know.as做宾语一般不省略；as表示正如，可前置关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. 可
4、用on whichwhere 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy 原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which关系代词或关系副词的选用关键在于看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。This was a wonderful holiday that/ which I spent in my hometown.（该定语从句I spent in my hometown中I是主语，spent是谓语，及物动词，in my hometown
5、是地点状语，显然，该从句缺少spent的宾语，所以先行词the holiday做spent的宾语，用which/that引导该从句）This was a wonderful holiday when/ in which I spent my 20th birthday in my hometown.（该定语从句I spent my 20th birthday in my hometown中，主谓宾分别是I, spent, my birthday，显然，先行词a holiday不能再做从句的主语或宾语，可以使用in the holiday做时间状语，所以用when/ in which引导从句）T
6、his is the way that / in which he solved the problem.（定语从句）This is how he solved the problem. (表语从句)All that he said was reasonable.（定语从句）What he said was reasonable. (主语从句)II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2. 先行词被all, any,
7、 every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4. 先行词既指人又指物时5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6. 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons an
8、d things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2. 在由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3. 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for furth
9、er study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others. III. as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有正如，
10、象的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无正如的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident h
11、appened at the time when I left. 非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. 十名词性从句 种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when,
12、where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever注意：名词性从句中that引导陈述句，不做成分；whether/if引导一般问句，表示是否，不做从句的成分；what不仅引导名词性从句，且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。其他的w-/h-在名词性从句中做状语或定语。Whether he will come or not doesnt matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.What impressed me most was their kindness.What he said was beyond me
13、.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后The problem is that we lack fund.The problem is when he will come.China is not what it used to be.从句采用陈述语序。宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game. 同位语从句放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.注意同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，定语从句是对前面名词的修饰限制。That在名词性从句中不做成分，而在定语从句中要做主语、宾语或表语。The news that we won the match was exciting. （that在从句中不做成分。）The news that he brought was exciting.（前句是同位语从句，后者是定语从句）
