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1、 高中定语从句详细讲解一 定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as (主语，宾语，定语)关系词 关系副词：when,where,why（状语） Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman. 二 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句先行词作用主语宾语定语及物动词宾语或没被提前的介词宾语被提前的介词宾语指人who/that,aswho/whom/that,as介词+who
2、mwhose/of whom指物that/which,asthat/which,as介词+whichwhose/of which1先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，需用who/that引导，且不能省略Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thisistheteacherwho/thatteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。 2先行词指人且在定语从句中作宾语，需用whom/who/that引导，且能省略LiMingisjusttheboy(whom/who/that)Iwanttosee.李明
3、正是我想要见的男孩。Theprofessor(whom/who/that)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。3 先行词指物且在定语从句中作主语，需用that/which引导，且不能省略Footballisagamethat/whichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Helikestoreadbooksthat/whicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜欢外国作家写的书。4. 先行词指物且在定语从句中作宾语，需用that/which引导，且能省略That is the book (that/whic
4、h) I want to read.5Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意： Whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom/which=of +whom/which+名词This is the scientist whose achievements are well-known.=This is the scientist, the achievements of
5、whom are well-known.=This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well-known.This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house, the window of which broke last night.=This is the house, of which the window broke last night.6. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
6、指物用介词+which，指人用介词+whomTomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 介词的选择：1）由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要。This is the teacher
7、 from whom I borrowed the book. 这就是我从他那里借书的老师。2）根据动词短语的固定搭配。Dont bring the children to see the animals of which they are afraid.注意：1含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面，如动词短语：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/
8、who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）2若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom；关系代词指物时只可用which，关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)Theplane
9、inwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)3“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof
10、whichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中3部是关于农村生活的。7. as引导的限制性定语从句 such+名词+as. 像.一样的，像.之类的 such as. 像.一样的，像.之类的 the same+名词+as. 和.同样的We have fo
11、und such materials as are used in their factory.This book is not such as I expect.I have the same book as he was.三 限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1当先行词是everything,anything,nothing，something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能
12、做的都做好了2当先行词被the only, the very,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much, the last, just等代词修饰时The only thing that we can do now is to give some money.我们唯一能做的事情就是给你一些钱。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
13、This is the best film that I have seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。4当先行词既有人又有物时。如：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。5当主句是以who,which开头的疑问句时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？6当先行词在句中作表语时，无论先行词指人还是指物。China is no longer the country that she was.中国不再是原来的那个国家了。Shenzhen is no longer the city that it used to be.深圳不再是过去的样子了。7主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：There is still a s
