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1、构 词 法构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法和缩略法四种。掌握构词法是迅速扩大词汇量的重要方法之一。第一节 合成法一、合成名词1、名词代词名词：woman-doctor, women-doctors, workshop, spaceship, he-goat, coal fire, motorcycle, gas cooker, oil well, power plant, silk worm, gold mine, bottleneck, piano keys, telephone receiver, television screen, chairman, fireman, motorma
2、n, police-officer, postman, pine tree, girl friend, boy friend, goldfish, raindrop, birdcage, breakfast time, flowerbed, tearoom, 2、动词名词：blowpipe, flashlight, watchdog, call-girl, searchlight3、形容词名词：blacksmith, blackboard, supermarket, superman, darkroom, blackbird, highchair, hothouse, greenhouse,
3、madman4、动名词名词：reading-room, sitting-room, classroom, schoolroom, dining room, building materials, dancing girl, cleaning women, flying machine, washing machine, working conditions, boilding point, drinking water, swimming pool, drinking cup, typing paper, writing desk, sewing machine, walking stick,
4、 5、名词动名词：machine-building, shoe-making, paper-correcting, book-keeping, dressmaking, letter-writing, story-telling, town-planning, handwriting, sun-bathing, horse riding, churchgoing, daydreaming6、动词副词：stand-by, take-off, cut-off, breakdown7、副词名词：downfall, rainfall, outhouse8、现在分词名词：running dog, run
5、ning water, flying fish, rising sun, burning stick, 9、名词介词名词：man-of-war, editor-in-chief, 10、名词连词字母名词：handiwork, nowadays11、介词副词名词：afternoon, inland, overbalance二、合成形容词1、形容词名词ed：five-storeyed, one-eyed, double-faced, blue-eyed, 2、名词名词ed：honey-mouthed, 3、名词代词分词：man-made, heart-broken, self-educated,
6、snow-covered, man-eating, peace-loving, paper-making, ocean-going, heartfelt, handmade, home-made, sunburnt, weather-beaten4、名词代词形容词：color-blind, ice-cool, seasick, airsick, tax-free, grass-green, snow-white, rock-hard, sea-green5、形容词数词名词：full-time, high-grade, second-hand, 6、形容词数词分词：ready-made, sle
7、epy-looking, good-looking, 7、副词分词：far-reaching, so-called, hard-working, far-reaching, well-meaning, newly-laid, well-meant, wide-spread8、副词形容词：ever-green, under-ripe, 9、形容词形容词：dark-blue, red-hot, grey-green10、介词名词：downhill, overnight三、合成副词1、形容词名词：sometimes, meanwhile2、副词名词：oftentimes, indoors, outd
8、oors, overhead3、介词名词：alongside, beforehand4、名词形容词：skyhigh, stonestill,5、副词介词：nearby, upalong, 四、合成动词1、 名词动词：overhear, underline2、 形容词动词：moonwalk3、 副词动词：white-wash, safeguard五、其它合成词1、合成代词：everybody, everyone, everything, anyone, anybody, anything2、合成介词：outside, inside, throughout第二节 转化法不用借助构词词缀，把一个单词
9、从一种词类转化成另一种词类的方法就是转化法。由于词类转化的结果，英语中就形成了大量外形相同但词类不同的词，即同形异类词。转化主要有如下几种类型。一、名词起定语作用（类似名词转化为形容词）：space travel, television network, stone table, paper bag, water pipe, history teacher, college students二、名词转化为动词：to dust the desk,go boating, dustboat to trainto ship the goods, trainto mail, shipto film th
10、is story, mailfilm 三、形容词转化为动词：to dry your hands,to slow down a little bit, dryslow to narrow the street,to free the slaves, narrowto wrong sb, freewrong 四、动词转化为名词：without anya good dress, to doubtan act, to dressto act love ofa terrible smell, to lovea local guide, to smelldoubt, to guide us a deman
11、d for more equala good taste, to demandones country, to taste rights五、形容词转化为名词：China Daily,dangerous chemicals, dailychemical a nativea maths final, nativefinal第三节 派生法派生法又叫词缀法，即在一个单词前或其后加上词缀，构成新的单词。中学英语中以派生法生成的词汇占整个中学词汇总量的25。一、前缀一般说来前缀不会改变一个词的词性。1、否定前缀(1) un-a. un +形容词：unfit, unhappy, unfair, unluck
12、y, unfortunate, unkind, unimportant, unnecessary, uncomfortable, unselfish, unusual, uncommon, unexpected, unknown, unthinkable, unbelievable, unseen, unforgettable, unwise, unhealthy, unpleasant, unable, untrue b. un+副词：undoubtedly, unexpectedly, unfortunately, unusually, unhappily, unluckily由un形容词
13、构成的词除了unknown, unseen, unfit等词之外，其它词都可变为加-ly的副词（个别形容词尾需要变动）。c. un动词：uncover, untie, unlock, undress, undo, unpack (2) im形容词：impossible, impolite(3) in形容词：incorrect, incomplete, invisible, independent(4) ir形容词：irregular(5) mis动词：misspell, misunderstand, mistake(6) dis-a. dis名词：dishonour, disease, dis
14、comfortb. dis形容词：dishonest, discouragedc. dis动词：disappear, dislike, discover, disclose, disagree, discomfort, dismiss2、表示空间、位置关系的前缀(1) a，大多加在音节较少的名词或不及物动词上构成新词，表示“在之上、向、处于状态”：ahead, abroad, aside, alive, awake, above, about等。(2) fore，表示“在前面”：forehead, foreground, forearm, foreleg(3) in, il, im, ir表示
15、“向内 在内”：inside, include, import(4) inter，表示“在间、相互”：international(5) intro，表示“在（向）内”：introduce(6) out，表示“向外”：outside, outlook, outdoors, outflow(7) over，表示“在上面的、在外的”：overhead, overlook, overcoat, overcome, overtime, overgrow(8) pre，表示“在前”：prefix, preposition(9) pro，表示“在（向）前”：progress, programme(10) sur，表示“在上”：surface, surround(11) trans，表示“转移”：translate(12) under，表示“在下”：undergraound, underline(13) up，表示“向上”：upward, upset, upstairs(14) be，表示“在，靠近”：before, behind,
