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1、高三英语完型专题阅读技巧教案高考英语完形填空题是考查英语知识综合运用能力的试题，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。完形填空题不单纯考查语言语法知识，而主要考查考生对上下文的精细理解和缜密的逻辑判断能力。记叙文记叙文是高考英语完形填空题考查最多的体裁，它因层次清晰、脉络分明和情节生动、真挚感人及容易人题、好发挥等特点而深受命题专家及广大考生的喜爱。试题特征试题原材料往往以时间、地点、人物、事件为记叙要素，以交代故事发生、发展、高潮和结局为记叙过程，以赞扬和批判特定对象为记叙目的。考查方向完形填空的试题特点决定着未来高考将会加强对考生发挥合理想象正确预
2、测下文能力的考查，加强对考生利用前后句和前后段相：互关系进行推理判断能力的考查，加强对考生利用语境褒贬性进行完形填空信息推断能力的考查。因此，利用语境的逻辑性、褒贬性和上下文的相互作用是解答完形填空题的关键。专家支招为了赞扬或批评特定人物，记叙文的内容往往情感浓烈，真挚感人，因此体现主人公情感态度的褒贬语境贯穿始终。显然，以主人公处境好坏为线索分析语境的褒贬性可以推断主人公对文章所描述事件的特定情感和态度，从而各个击破空缺未知信息。现以高考英语试题天津卷完形填空题为例，谈谈如何利用褒贬语境进行完形填空的信息推断。第一招： 寻找褒贬语境的产生标志，推断文意的发生。常言说得好，情随事迁。在完形填空
3、语言材料中，主人公的特定心情往往随着文意的发生而产生，因此分析褒贬语境可以推断文意的发生。褒贬语境的产生往往有其特定的标志，对褒义语境的描绘往往采用一些快乐、积极、赞扬的语言，对贬义语境的描绘往往采用一些悲伤、消极、排斥的语言。认真阅读分析原文第一节内容可以看出，with a power she had never before experienced等词汇带有明显的褒义色彩，反映出主人公从容不迫的精神状态和驾轻就熟的演出技巧。在这种褒义语境的影响下，原文已知语言和未知语言都必然带有浓烈的褒义色彩。这种褒贬语境的分析对推断文意发生阶段的未知信息大有裨益。原文:Roberta appeared
4、on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to speak. Now she was Portia, a strong willed character in Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice.The theater was filled with people. She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced, the words flowing smoothly from her.大意：罗伯塔出现在舞台上。她做了一下深呼吸，
5、然后开始讲话。现在她已经变成了鲍西亚，莎士比亚喜剧威尼斯商人中一个意志坚强的人物。剧院坐满了人。她讲话时有一种自己以前从来没有感受过的力量，语言顺畅地从她嘴里流泻出来。分析：这一部分内容中的褒义语言with a power she had never before experienced对smoothly等褒义性答案的推断有决定性作用，对其他各空信息的推断也有很大帮助。第二招寻找褒贬语境的变化标志，推断文意的发展。众所周知，优秀的文章往往情节起伏跌宕，因此完形填空的褒贬语境也有所变化，这种变化与主人公情绪的变化是完全吻合的。显然，只有分析褒贬语境是如何发生变化的，才能准确分析主人公情绪的变化和
6、思想行为的变化，才能最终推断文章未知信息。 原文:In fact, Roberta had never acted in her life before the audition (选拔试演) She hated being in front of other people. She was very shy at school. She had never thought she was good enough at anything to attract much attention. She stayed mostly to herself, making few friends. Sh
7、e had excellent grades, but she always thought that something was missing. 大意：事实上在这次选拔试演之前罗伯塔从没有演过戏。她不喜欢待在别人面前。在学校里她非常害羞。她从没有想到会在某个方面好到能吸引很多关注的程度。多数时候她独处一室，很少交朋友。她成绩很好，但总认为生活中缺少点什么。 分析： 这部分内容中的 had never acted, she had never thought she was good enough at anything, she stayed mostly to herself, she
8、always thought that something was missing.等贬义性句对hated, shy, few, but 等贬义性答案的推断起着决定作用，对其它各信息的推断也有很大的帮助。第三招：寻找褒贬语境的进一步变化标志，推断文意的进一步发展。不少完形填空的褒贬语境并不仅仅有一次变化，往往还会经历第二次甚至第三次变化，这种变化与主人公心情的变化仍然吻合，因此寻找褒贬语境再次产生变化的标志性词句可以分析主人公情绪和心态的变化，从而成功推断文章未知信息。 Two weeks before the audition ,Robertas mother had heard about
9、 it and encouraged her to join in. I cant think if anyone else better suited to play the part. Remember all the plays you used to act out for us?”Her mother wouldnt let the matter drop. Youre just a little scared (害怕). Everyone gets scared. You know you can do it. The trick is to look past the fear
10、to find the love ofwhat youre doing. So Roberta had made an appointment (预约) with the head of the Drama Club. She had read the play and found herself excited by the idea of speaking such rich words. In secret she practiced Portias part, memorizing the lines by repeating them over and over. It wasnt
11、hard she loved every minute of it. Every time she spoke the words, she had a new understanding of the lines, as if Shakespeare had written Portia on many levels. On the day of the audition, she performed two of Portias famous speeches for the auditors. When she had finished, the head of the Drama Cl
12、ub announced the part was hers.大意：选拔试演前两周，罗伯塔的母亲听到这件事，并且鼓励她参加。 “我想不出任何人比你更适合演这个角色，记得过去你为我们演的戏吗?” 她母亲不愿让这件事搁浅。“你只是有点害怕。每个人都有点害怕，你知道你能演好这部戏，方法就是忽略害怕心理，找到你对演戏的真爱。” 于是罗伯塔与戏剧俱乐部的头头做了预约。她读了剧本，发现自己对能够讲剧本中这么丰富语言的想法感到很兴奋。她偷偷试演鲍西亚这一角色，一遍又一遍地阅读台词，以便记住台词。她一点都不感到苦，她喜欢其间的每一分钟。每一次她讲台词时，都对其有新的理解，好像莎士比亚写鲍西亚这一角色时有不同的
13、版本供不同水平层次的人阅读。 选拔试演的那一天，她表演了鲍西亚的两段著名台词。结束时戏剧俱乐部的人宣布这一角色将由她扮演。分析：这一部分内容中的I cant think of anyone else better suited to - the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? You re just a little scared, found herself excited , It wasnt hard.等褒义性语言对encouraged , can, loved 等褒义性答案的推断有决定性作用，对其它未知信
14、息的推断也有非常直接的作用。第四招：回读原文，检验褒贬语境。 为防止对褒贬语境的推断有偏差而影响答题准确率，做完形填空题后，还应回读原文，看看褒贬语境的推断是否前后一致，是否与文意吻合。认真回读原文可知，with a power she had never before experienced ,I cant think of anyone else better suited to - the part .Remember all the plays you used to act out for us? You re just a little scared ,found herself
15、excited ,It wasnt hard.等褒义色彩浓烈的词句反映出主人公对角色的喜爱。对演戏的钟情和对成功的向往。而had never acted ,she had never thought she was good enough at anything, she stayed mostly to herself, she always thought that something was missing.等贬义词句反映出主人公过去害怕与人相处，羞与人交流，不敢和人交友的悲观心态。 显然，褒贬语境的推断合情合理，与上下文已知信息和未知信息完全吻合，因此，利用褒贬语境对原文未知信息进行的
16、推断也准确无误。 原文：I teach biology at UNLIV three times a week. Last Monday, I cheerfully asked my I how their weekend had been. A young man said his weekend had not been so 2 .Then he asked me why I always seemed so 3 . His question 4 me of something Id read: Every morning you get up, you have a 5 about how you want to deal w
