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1、中考英语专题-定语从句定语从句【考点1】基本看法一、什么是定语？句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语能够由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充任，且定语常常翻译为“的”。形容词作定语：Iboughtanexpensivecomputer.Imetsomeonefunnyonmywaytoschool.名词作定语：SheisanEnglishteacher.不定式作定语：Ihavealotofworktodo.过去分词短语作定语：ThebookwrittenbyTomisverypopularnow.此刻分词作定语：Wecanseetherisingsun.动名词作定语：Heisin
2、thereadingroom.从句作定语：TheboywhobrokethewindowisTomsbrother.二、什么是定语从句？在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词以后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连结作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句的构造、名称以以下图所示：Thedictionarythat/whichmysistergavemelastSundayisvery先行词关系词定语从句关系词常有三个作用：1.指引定语从句2. 取代先行词3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分【考点2】关系代词关系代词所取代的
3、先行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充任主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.Tom是唯一从美国来的男孩。一、常有的关系代词关系代词先行词句中成分who人主语，宾语(作宾语时可省略)whom人宾语(可省略)whose人或物定语which物主语，宾语(作宾语时可省略)that人或物主语，宾语，表语(作宾语时可省略)例句Ateacherisapersonwho/thatpa
4、ssesknowledgetostudents.Heistheman(who/whom/that)Isawyesterday.Thewoman(whom)youmetinthestreetisKate.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.Themanwhosesonisadoctorisourprofessor.Thisistheroominwhichhelivedlastyear.Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?二、只用that不用w
5、hich指引的定语从句用法1. 先行词被形容词最高等修饰时2. 先行词被序数词修饰时3. 先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰词时4. 先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代词时例句ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.HereareallthebooksthatIhave
6、.ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.5.先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.6.先行词是theone时，Thisistheonethatyouwant.7.在以who/what/which指引的疑问句后，为Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?了防止重复三、只用which不用that指引的定语从句用法1. 在介词后只用which，不可以用tha
7、t2. 先行词自己是that时，只好用which，不可以用that例句Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.四、关系代词who，whom的用法关系词用法who指人，在从句中作主语whom指物，在从句中作宾语，有时可用who取代【注】whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词例句Thisisthesoliderwhosavedtheboyslife.Themanwhom/whoImetyesterdayisJim.DoyouremembertheboywithwhomIusedtogo置于whom从
8、前时，不可以用who取代out?例题1：将以下句子归并为定语从句。1) TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball._2) Ifoundtheletter.Thelettercameyesterday._3) Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow_4) Thisisthepen.Heboughtthepenyesterday._5)Ihelpedtheman.Themanscarwasbroken._例题2：Davidisafantasticsinger_canplaydifferentkindsofmu
9、sic.A.whichB.whoC.whom例题3：-Whatareyoudoing,Tim?-IamlisteningtothesongLongLive_makesmefeelexcitedA.whichB.whoC./例题4：Thewatch_yougavemekeepsperfecttime.A.whoB.whatC.that例题5：-Whichsongdoyoulikebetter,Maria?-IpreferthesongMamialofYouth_issungbyTFBoys.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.where例题6：Iprefermovies_mesomethin
10、gtothinkabout.A.whichgivesB.thatgivesC.thatgiveD.whogive例题7：-WhowonthefirstprizeinEnglishspeechcontest?-Theprizewenttothegirl_speechwasthemostnaturalandfluent.A.thatB.whoC.whoseD.不填例题8：Beingblindissomething_mostpeoplecantimagine.A.不填B.whatC.whoD.which例题9：Tobeabettermanisthebestsoapopera_Ihaveeversee
11、n.A.thatB.whereC.who例题10：-DoyouknowTuYouyou?-Yes,sheisthefirstChinese_wontheNobelPrizeinscience.A.whohaveB.thathaveC.whichhasD.whohas例题11：Thehousefellandhurtawomanandherdog_werejustpassingby.A.whichB.asC.thatD.who参照答案：1)TheboyswhothatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2) IfoundTheletterwhichthatcamey
12、esterday.3) Themanwhomthatyoumetjustnowismyfriend.4) Thisisthepenwhichthatheboughtyesterday.5) Ihelpedthemanwhosecarwasbroken.BACACCAADC【考点3】关系副词关系副词可取代的先行词是表示时间、地址或原由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词which”构造，所以经常和“介词which”构造交替使用。关系副词用法when取代表示时间的名词，并且这个名词在从句中又与介词组成了短语，在从句中充当时间状语，常可用onwhich,inwhich,duringwhich等取代when取代表示地址的名词，并且这个名词在从句中又与介词组成了短语，在从句中充当地点状语，常用inwhich，onwhich，towhich等取代why取代表示原由的名词，并且这个名词在
