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1、牛津英语8B Unit 3 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. asleep/sleepy/sleeping基本含义用法辨析asleep “睡着的”表语形容词，不能用在名词之前作定语sleepy “困倦的, 贪睡的”指人昏昏欲睡，或沉睡时的寂静状态。既可作表语，又可作定语sleeping “睡着的”常作定语【小试牛刀】1. She was fast_. I couldnt wake her up2. Im_. I want to go to bed.3. Dont make any noise. There is a_baby here.2. produce/make基本含义用法辨析produce “制
2、造”可以是工业上的生产，但不能表示通过种植而获得的产品make “生产”可以是工业上的生产，也可以是可以表示生产汽车、机器通过制造而获得的产品，也可以表示生产粮食蔬菜、通过种植而获得的产品【小试牛刀】 1. They_ wheat and rice.2. Thefactory_cars.二、语法点拨被动语态(1)语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。例如：Many people play football. （主动语态）Football is played by many
3、 people. （被动语态）(1) 被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成的，如果需强调动作或行为的发出者时，在其后接“by .”，意为“被”。这里be是助动词，必须与主语的人称和数相一致，并有时态的变 化(be有时也可以使用get, become等词来代替)。(2) 被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by.)否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+(by.)一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by.)?特殊问句：疑问词+be+过去分词+(by.)?这里be决定了被动语态的时态，be后面的过去分词没有变化。(3) 被动语态的八种时态 一般现在时：am (is, are)
4、+ 过去分词Football is played all over the world. 足球运动遍及全世界。 一般过去时：was (were) + 过去分词These new books were published last month. 这些新书是上个月刚出版的。 一般将来时：will be+过去分词That film will be directed by Zhang Yimou. 那部电影将由张艺谋执导。 现在进行时：am (is, are)+being+过去分词A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.一条
5、从北京到上海的新的高速公路正在建设之中。 过去进行时：was (were)+being+过去分词The car wasnt being repaired by me then. 那时这辆车不是由我修的。 现在完成时：have (has) + been+过去分词Has the bridge in Yangzhou been built? 扬州的那座大桥建成了吗? 过去完成时：had + been+过去分词The bridge had been built by the end of 1998. 那座桥1998年年底以前就建好了。Supper had not been cooked when I
6、got there last time. 上次我到那儿时，晚饭还没有做。 过去将来时：would + be+过去分词She told me that a new English teacher would be sent to our class in a week.她告诉我一周以后要给我们班派一位新的英语老师来。(4) 主动语态变为被动语态的口诀 宾作主，主BY宾；谓变BE+PP，时不变；注意数、格，抄其余。Bruce writes a letter every week.（主动语态）主语 谓语 宾语 状语A letter is written by Bruce every week. （被
7、动语态）主语 谓语 补语 状语(5) 被动语态的基本用法 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustnt be taken away.阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。
8、【必背】这一类用法的句型还有：It is believed that. 据信，大家相信It is known that. 众所周知It is supposed that. 大家认为It is suggested that. 据建议，有人建议It must be remembered that. 务必记住 It is reported that. 据报道【2011湖北十堰】36. -Look, what have they d one? -Sorry. I think if I _ another chance, Ill do it better. A. giveB. will be given
9、C. will giveD. am given【2011新疆阜康】34. Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet? Yes. It _ for almost one and a half months. A. has opened B. has being opened C. has been open D. was open【2011四川绵阳】15. - Drunken drive is dangerous, isnt it? - Yeah. That why drunken drivers to prison even without causing
10、accidents. A. sent B. are sent C. send D. are sending【泸州市2011】5. The radio says a wild animal zoo is going to _ in our city. A. be built B. built C. build D. be building 。【2011四川成都】39. Because of the support from all over the country, beautiful new buildings here and there in the earthquake - hit ar
11、eas in Sichuan.A. can see B. can be seen C. will be seen【2011盐城】15. How soon all the work ? In a week. A. will finish B. isgoing to finish C. willbe finished D. aregoing to be finished【2011安徽芜湖】42. These days students in some schools _ not to use mobile phones. A. askB. askedC. are askedD. were aske
12、d （2011福建南平）29. More high speed railway stations _ in our country in the near future.A. will build B. will be built C. were built【2011佛山】29. The Chinese Culture Day in New York City on April 20th , 2011. A. celebratedB. is celebratedC. was celebrated【2011.广西北海】37. When _ the car _ ?Sorry. I dont kno
13、w.A. does; invent B. did; invent C. was; invent D. was; inventing (2011海南三亚)32. Yuan Longping, a great person in China, _as “father of hybrid rice” A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards6. 【2011江苏镇江】The cakes in the restaurant , so they well. A. are tasted better; are sold B. are
14、tasted well; sell C. taste terrible; are sold D. taste nice; sell ( 2011大庆) 8. These cabbages _ well because they _nice.A. look, sell B. sell, are looked C. sell, look D. are sold, look ( 2011大庆) 9. The thief was noticed _the office building by the back door on the screen.A. enter B. enter into C. to enter D. to enter into【2011吉林长春】20. Chinese_by more and more people in the world now.A. speak B. spoke C.
