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1、轴流转叶式水轮机安装工艺综述 姓名：陈菲 学号：1015030165 西昌学院工程技术学院 2010级 水利水电一班摘要：我国具有丰富的水能资源,据1980年全国水电资源普查结果,我国水电资源理论蕴藏量为6.8亿kW,年发电量5.9万亿kWh,技术可开发容量3.78亿kW。20002004年,中国水电工程顾问集团公司组织了全国水力资源复查,水电资源理论蕴藏量为6.94亿kW,年发电量6.08万亿kWh,其中技术可开发容量为5.42亿kW,年发电量2.47万亿kWh;经济可开发容量为4.02亿kW,年发电量1.75万亿kWh1。水电作为可再生能源在世界能源中占有越来越重要的位置,虽然近年来我国水
2、电开发进程明显加快,但总体来看,我国水能资源利用率还比较低,开发利用潜力很大,继续加强水电建设、合理开发利用水能资源是保障我国能源供应的重要措施 早在公元前100年前后，中国就出现了水轮机的雏形水轮，用于提灌和驱动粮食加工器械。水轮机是把水流的能量转换为旋转机械能的水力机械，它属于流体机械中的透平机械。按其转变水流能量的方式来分有反击式和冲击式两种。近来由于电力系统调峰需要，可逆式水泵水轮机也越来越多。 在反击式水轮机中，根据水流通过转轮方式不同，可分为混流式、轴流式、斜流式和贯流式。在混流式水轮机中，水流径向进入导水机构，轴向流出转轮；在轴流式水轮机中，水流径向进入导叶，轴向进入和流出转轮；
3、在斜流式水轮机中，水流径向进入导叶而以倾斜于主轴某一角度的方向流进转轮，或以倾斜于主轴的方向流进导叶和转轮；在贯流式水轮机中，水流沿轴向流进导叶和转轮。 轴流式水轮机按其结构还可分为定桨式和转桨式。定桨式的转轮叶片是固定的；转桨式的转轮叶片可以在运行中绕叶片轴转动，以适应水头和负荷的变化。 各种类型的反击式水轮机都设有进水装置，大、中型立轴反击式水轮机的进水装置一般由蜗壳、固定导叶和活动导叶组成。蜗壳的作用是把水流均匀分布到转轮周围。当水头在40米以下时，水轮机的蜗壳常用钢筋混凝土在现场浇注而成；水头高于40米时，则常采用拼焊或整铸的金属蜗壳。 转叶式水轮机的安装特点：由于转叶式水轮机埋设部件
4、的安装工作量大，调整较复杂，为便于埋设部件定位调整和校核，减少中心测定的误差，可设置中心定位塔。将其固定在预先埋设在基础里的工字钢上，塔身由角钢和工字钢焊接而成，其高度可分段，根据埋设件的总高度而定。按土建单位提供的基准点标定中心定位塔的中心和高程。关键词：轴流转叶式 水轮机安装 发展 问题前言：:根据我国水力资源特点,分析总结了我国大型混流式水轮机技术的应用需求和应用现状,以及大型混流式水轮机技术的发展趋势,并分析提出了当今国内外混流式水轮机的技术发展水平。轴流式水轮机模型的最优效率已从20世纪80年代的92%93%到90年代的93%94%,提高到现阶段94%95%的水平,部分水头段已超过9
5、5%,空化性能和水力稳定性较过去有了相当大的改善。 轴流式水轮机适用于较低水头的电站。在相同水头下，其比转数较混流式水轮机为高。轴流定桨式水轮机的叶片固定在转轮体上，叶片安放角不能在运行中改变，效率曲线较陡，适用于负荷变化小或可以用调整机组运行台数来适应负荷变化的电站。轴流转桨式水轮机是奥地利工程师卡普兰在1920年发明的，故又称卡普兰水轮机。其转轮叶片一般由装在转轮体内的油压接力器操作，可按水头和负荷变化作相应转动，以保持活动导叶转角和叶片转角间的最优配合，从而提高平均效率，这类水轮机的最高效率有的已超过94。 Axial flow vane type turbine installatio
6、n process The engineering and Technology College of Xichang College 2010 water conservancy and hydropower classAbstract: Turbine is the water energy is converted into rotational mechanical energy power machine, belonging to the fluid machinery in turbomachinery.In 100 BC, China appeared the turbine
7、prototype - Hydraulic, for irrigation and driving food processing equipment. Most modern turbine installation in hydropower station, used to drive an electric power generator. In the hydropower station, the upper reaches of the reservoir water in water pipe to the hydraulic turbine runner of turbine
8、 rotate, push, drive the generator. After power water through the tail water pipe to the lower reaches of. Head more and more high, larger flow, hydraulic turbine output power can be.Reaction turbine can be divided into the mixed flow, axial flow, oblique flow and cross flow type. In Francis turbine
9、, flow radially into the water guide mechanism, axial flow runner; in an axial flow turbine, flow radially into the guide vane, axially into and out of the runner; the inclined flow turbine, flow radially into the guide vane and is inclined to a certain angle direction of the spindle into the runner
10、, or to tilt to the spindle direction inlet guide vane and the runner; in the tubular turbine, axial flow of water along the guide vane and the runner.Various types of reaction turbine machine is provided with a water inlet device, big, medium-sized vertical shaft impact type hydraulic turbine inlet
11、 device generally consists of spiral case, stay vane and guide vane. Volute is the role of the flow evenly to wheel around. When the water head in the 40 meters, water turbine volute of common reinforced concrete on site pouring into; head above 40 meters, often using tailor welded or cast metal spi
12、ral case.Axial flow turbine according to its structure and also can be divided into fixed paddle-type and kaplan. Fixed paddle type turbine blade is fixed; of Kaplan runner blades can be in operation around the blade shaft to rotate, so as to adapt to the variation of head and load.Kaplan turbine is
13、 Austria Engineer Kaplan invented in 1920, it is also called the Kaplan turbine. The runner blade mounted in the wheel body by hydraulic servomotor operation, according to the head and load changes make corresponding rotation, to keep the guide vane angle and blade angle between the optimum mixture,
14、 thereby increasing the average efficiency of this type of turbine, the highest efficiency and some have more than 94%.Axial flow turbine is suitable for low water head hydropower station. Under the same head, the specific speed Francis turbine is higher than. Propeller turbine blades are fixed on t
15、he wheel body, blade angle in operation can not change, the efficiency curve is steep, the applied load variations are small or can be used to adjust unit operation several load power station.In 80, the world s largest size Kaplan turbine is China Oriental electric machinery installed in the middle
16、reaches of the Yangtze River, China Gezhouba Dam power station, the single power of 170 MW, head of 18.6 meters, a rotation speed of 54.6 rpm, wheel diameter is 11.3 meters, on 1981 put into operation. The head on the world highest propeller turbines installed in Italy power station the mbia, its head is 88.4 meters, the single power of 13.5 MW, the rotation
