《考研英语阅读经典试题.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语阅读经典试题.doc（65页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、SAMPLE 1经济学类题目序号题型归类第1题中心主旨题型第2题反推题型第3题关键词语题型第4题反论题型第5题关键词语题型Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and
2、 other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 d
3、o their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response
4、appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980s is estimated to be over 5
5、3 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large bu
6、sinesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate pur
7、chasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small companys efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is tha
8、t White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that ne
9、ither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of
10、 one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders
11、from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1. The primary purpose of the text is toA present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.B describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.C propose a temporary solution to a
12、problem.D analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it toA experience frustration but not serious financial harm.B face potentially crippling fixed expenses.C have to rec
13、ord its efforts on forms filed with the government.D increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3. It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) areA more popular with large co
14、rporations.B more concrete.C less controversial.D less expensive to enforce.4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the authors assertion that, in the 1970s, corporate response to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?A Corporate contracts with minority-owned busin
15、esses totaled $2 billion in 1979.B Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.C The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.D The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of
16、total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?A Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with mino
