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1、国际商务合同复习资料2、如何降低外汇风险Howtoreducetheriskofforeignexchange? thesellercanpayinthecurrencyofhisorherowncountryormorestableandrelativelystrongercurrency Thebuyercanpayinweakorsoftcurrency Paymentinaunitofaccount(suchasaspecialdrawingrightSDR) Useofafactor Useofforwardandoptionscontractsinaprocessknownashe
2、dging3.为什么保护知识产权很重要?P71-P72+后果Whytheprotectionofintellectualpropertyisveryimportant?Uniquedesigns,methods,names,andsymbolsconstituteindustrialandintellectualproperty.Theexclusiverightstosuchpropertyarevaluable.Forexample,anamecanservenotonlytodistinguishyourgoodsareservicesbutalsotoextendthebuyerstr
3、usttoyourentireproductorserviceline.Ifanothertraderuseyournameorcopyyourdesignwithoutyourconsent,youmaylosenotonlysalesbutalsothevalueofyourreputation.Youmayevenloseyourexclusiverightstoyourname,work,ordesign.Sothecontractualprotectionofyourexclusiverightstoyourindustrialandintellectualpropertyisver
4、yimportant.4、合同纠纷解决要扩展(page113)ContractdisputeresolutionCommunication,waiver,modificationandnegotiation沟通、豁免、修改、谈判Communicationbetweenyouandyourforeignbusinesspartnerisessentialtokeepingtherelationship.你们和你的外国商业伙伴之间的交流是保持关系是至重要原因的。Negotiation,followedbywrittenconfirmationofanywaiverormodifiedcontrac
5、tterm,isthemosteffectivemeansofresolutionintermsofcostandtime谈判,紧随其后的书面确认任何放弃或修改合同期内,最有效的手段是在成本和时间方面决议1) Mediation调解TheprocessofMediationisinessenceanegotiationthatisfacilitatedbyanobjectthirdperson调解的过程,本质上是一次借助于一个对象是第三人的谈判Advantagesanddisadvantages:thefocusofmediationisonthefuturerelationshipofthe
6、parties优点和缺点:调解的焦点是对未来双方的关系。Thisprocessisinformal,relativelyeasyandfast,andlesscostlythanarbitrationortrial.这个过程被非正式的、相对简单和快速,仲裁费用少于或审判。Procedures:thepartiestypicallychooseamediatororarereferredtomediationbyacourtbeforelitigationispursued.2) ArbitrationArbitrationisanadjudicatoryprocessthatisheldbef
7、oreanobjectthirdpartywhorendersadecisionbasedontheadversarialpresentationsofthedisputingparti仲裁是一个评判过程举行前呈现一个第三方的对抗性的演讲Theprocessofarbitrationiscontrolledbylaws,rules,andregulationsspecifictotheforumchosenforthearbitration.Thustheprocedureswillvarydependingontheforumselectedbythepartiesf中裁的过程的控制是由法律
8、、规则和特定规定。因此,程序将取决于法庭当事人选择3) LitigationLitigationiscostly,timeconsuming,andevenifultimatelyresolvedinyourfavorstilldoesnotaddressaprimaryconcern.Thecourtsofmanycountriesarebiasedinfavoroftheirownnationals,andforeignersrarely,ifever,obtainsatisfaction.Thebestadvicesistoavoidlitigationaltogether诉讼是昂贵的,
9、耗时的,即使最终解决有利于你,但是诉讼仍然没有解决当事人主要关心的问题。很多国家的法院诉讼都有利于自己的公民而不利于国外公民,如果可以的话,,皆大欢喜的情况,最好的建议完全是为了避免诉讼5、如何使合同条款更加严谨?Howtotightenyourclauses?P8810选66、中裁与诉讼的比较Advantagestoarbitration中裁的优势1、 Itislessexpensiveandfasterthanacourttrial2、 Thepartiestendtohavemorecontroloverthechoiceofthedecisionmakers3、 Manyoftheru
10、lesgoverningproceduresandadmissionofevidencearerelaxedinarbitrationproceedingsDisadvantagestoarbitration中裁的不足1、 Inmanycountries,arbitrationisunavailableorisjustbeingdeveloped2、 Therelativelylowcostofarbitrationwhencomparedwithtrialproceedingsdoesnotmeanthatarbitrationischeap3、 Thearbitrationwillreso
11、lvepastdifferences,butoftenwillnotbuildacontinuingrelationshipLitigationtoAdvantages诉讼的优势1、 Inmanycountries,thecourtsystemsarewell-developedandeffective,youmayjustgetaquickandfairtrial2、 Youmayevenbeaawardedcostsandattornesyfeesasthewinningparty3、 YoumayfindthatenforcementisfairlyeasyDisadvantagesto
12、litigation诉讼的不足1、 Litigationismoreexpensiveandslowerthanarbitration2、 Thepartiestendtohavelesscontroloverthechoiceofthedecisionmaker3、 ManyoftherulesgoverningproceduresandadmissionofevidencearestrictinLitigation7、买方的隐形成本P16P19写满即可不用全部抄下TheBuyersHiddenCosts、InternationalshippingsP161) Customsclearanc
13、AIfthesellerisnotresponsibleforclearinggoodsthroughcustoms,youwillbe2) InsurandYoushouldconsiderobtainingagainsttheriskoflossofdamagetothegoodsintransport,particularlyifasubstantialamountofmoneyisinvolved3) Interruptionofbusiness八Youshouldconsiderwhetheryouwillhaveanyinterruptioninyourownbusinesswhe
14、nthegoodsarrive,whetherfortraining,installation.Testing,maintenance,orotherwise4) HospitalityCostWhetheryouarebuyinggoodsorservices,youmayincurcostsforentertainingavisitingseller5) ThirdPartyExpenses6) LostsalesorproductionDelaysIfsatisfactorygoodsdonotarriveorservicesareinadequate,youmayloseyourown
15、salesoryoumayhavetodelayyourownproduction7) TemporaryFacilitiesIfashipmentislate,youmayhavetoretainanemptystoragefacilityfortheimminentbutuncertainarrivalofthegoods8) ReplacementGoodsorServicesAdelayinperformancemayrequireyoutopayforreplacementgoodsforservices二、TheSellersHiddenCosts卖方的隐形成本1) Product
16、AdaptationsInternationalmarketsmayrequiremodificationofyourgoodsofservicetofollownationallawsorconsumerculturalpreferences2) InternationalShippingP183) CustomsClearanceDependingonthedealyouareabletomake,youmayberesponsibleforclearinggoodsthroughcustomsinyourowncountryandpossiblythroughcustomsinthecountryofimportation4) InsuranceYo