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1、一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词, 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1. The tall man is a r
2、eturned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。 Lost time can never be found again 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (2)后置定语 少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。 1. Everything used should be marked
3、所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2. The books left are for my students 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=That has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a
4、 lot of people) 1) Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
5、3) The Olympic games,_ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods _through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying5) Mr. Smith,_ of th
6、e speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at
7、 the idea 听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。 作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等 所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joi
8、ned the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻
9、辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如: She found the door broken in whenshe came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。1. I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理
10、自行车。 (宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻松了些。 The
11、y considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补 足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。 “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义： (请人)把某事做完。 She ha
12、d her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发? 参遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan sa
13、ved this year 他今年已存了1000元。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命 令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类 动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上
