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1、 常用前缀和后缀一、前缀1 表示“否定或逆转”de- defrost (给除霜) decentralize (分散)dis- disagree (不同意) discover (发现)in- incorrect不正确的 indirect (间接的)il- illegal (非法的) illogical (不合逻辑的、im- imbalance (不平衡) immature (未成熟的)impatient (不耐烦的) impossible (不可能的)ir- irregular (不规则的) irre1evant (不相关的)mis- misuse (错用) misunderstand (误解)
2、non- nonsense (胡说) nonsmoker (不抽烟的人)un- uncertain (不确定的) unlock (开的锁)注 il- im-和ir-为in-的变体形式 il-用在l前,im-用在b、m和p前, 而ir-则用在r前。2. 表示“时间顺序”ex- ex-president (前总统) ex-wife (前妻)fore- foretell (预言) foresee (预见)mid- midday (正午) midterm (期中)post- postgraduate (研究生) postwar (战后的)pre- precaution (预防措施) prewar (战
3、前的)re- recall (回忆) rebuild (重建)3 表示“方向或位置”ex- export (出口) exc1ude (排除)im- immigrate (移入) import (进口)extra-extranuclear (核外的)extraordinary (非同寻常的)in- inland (内地的) invade (浸入)inter- international (国际的) interaction (相互作用)intra- intranuclear (核内的) intrastate (州内的)sub- subway (地铁) submarine (潜水艇)tele- te
4、lescope (望远镜) television (电视机)trans- transatlantic (横渡大西洋)transcultural (跨文化的)4 表示“程度、大小或差别关系”mini- minibus (小公共汽车) miniskirt (超短裙)out- outnumber (数量超过) outdo (胜过)over- overwork (工作过度) overuse (过多使用)super- supersonic (超声速的)superpower (超级大国)under- underestimate (低估)underdeveloped (不发达的)vice- vice-pre
5、sident (副总统)vice-principal (副校长)5 表示“数量”bi bicycle (自行车) bimonthly (双月刊)centi- centigrade (百分度的) centimeter (厘米)kilo- kilometer (千米) kilogram (千克)mono- monop1ane (单翼机) monorail (单轨)multi- multifunctional (多功能的) multinational (多国的)semi- semiconductor (半导体) semiofficial (半官方的)tri- triangle(三角形) tricyc
6、le (三轮车)6 表示“方式或态度”anti- antiwar (反战的) antiaircraft (防空的)auto- autobiography (自传) automobile (汽车)co- cooperate (合作) coexistence (共存)con- connection (连接) concentrate (集中)com- combine (结合) common(共同的) companion (同伴) compress(压紧)counter counterattack反攻 countermeasure (对策)7 变换词类的前缀be- befriend (对以朋友相待)
7、belittle (轻视)en- enable (使能够) endanger (危及)em- embitter (怨愤) empower (使能够)二、后缀1 常见的名词后缀(1) 表示“人或物”-an American (美国人) historian(历史学家)-ian Christian基督教徒 musician(音乐家)-ant assistant (助手) coolant (冷却剂)-ent correspondent (通信者) resident (居民)-ee employee (雇员) trainee (受培训者)-er receiver (接收机) speaker (发言人)-
8、or sailor (水手) actor (演员)-ar scholar (学者) beggar (乞丐)-ese Japanese (日本人) Portuguese (葡萄牙人)-ess actress (女演员) hostess (女主人)-ist socialist (社会主义者) novelist (小说家)(2) 表示“性质、状态、动作、行为等” (构成抽象名词)-ability suitability (适宜性)washability (可洗性)-ibility possibility (可能性)reducibility (可减少性)-age marriage (结婚) short
9、age (不足)-al arrival (到达) refusal (拒绝)-ance accepance (接受) importance (重要性)-ence dependence (依靠) existence (存在)-dom freedom (自由) chiefdom (首领的地位)-hood childhood (童年) 1ikelihood (可能性)-ion construction(建造) election (选举)-ism socialism (社会主义) criticism (批评)-(i)ty certainty (确信) regularity (规则性)-ment movement (运动)encouragement (鼓励)-ness carelessness (粗心) kindness (仁慈)-ship friendship (友谊) leadership (领导)-ure exposure (暴露) failure (失败) (3) 表“学科”-ics electronics (电子学) physics (物理学)-(o)logy biology (