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1、状语从句一、 定义:状语在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等。状语是用来说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步、伴随等。当状语由一个句子来充当时,这个主从复合句就是状语从句。I get up at 7 oclock.(时间状语)I get up when it is 7 oclock.(时间状语从句)He plays football at school.(地点状语)He plays football where he studies(地点状语从句)She was happy to hear the news.(原因状语)She was happy because
2、she heard the news.(原因状语从句)They get up early to catch up the bus.(目的状语)They get up early so that they can catch up the bus.(目的状语从句)He is too young to go to school.(结果状语)He is so yong that he cant go to school.(结果状语从句).常见的状语从句:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。时间状语从句时间状语从
3、句遵循“主将从现”原则常用引导词 when, as ,while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the first time. (名词性短语)在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,可分类一、 表示同时性,即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。常见引导词:when(当.时),while(当.时),as(当.时), as soon as(一.就), once(一旦.)等1、 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁2、 As/When I
4、came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.当我回家的时候,我遇见了一个老同学。3、Once you see him, you will never forget him.一旦你见到他,你就不会忘记。4. I will call you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你打电话when,while,as区别1.When引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词(瞬间性动词)(1)When she came in,I stopped eating.当她进来的时候,我停止了吃饭(came瞬间性动词)(2)When I
5、lived in the city ,I used to go to school by bus.当我居住在这座城市的时候,我过去常常走路去上学(lived延续性动词)2.While引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续的,并强调主句和从句两个动作同时发生,多用于过去进行时(1)While my wife was watching TV,I was reading the newspaper.当我妻子在看电视的时候,我在读报纸(watching延续性动词,主从句都是过去进行时)(2)She was reading while I was singing.当我在唱歌时,她在读书(reading延续性动词,
6、主从句都是过去进行时) 3. as 表示一边.一边.,引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性的,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生,as也可表示一先一后(1)We always sing as we walk.(两个动作同时发生)我们总是边走边唱。(2)As we were going out,it began to snow.(两个动作一先一后)当我们出门时,开始下雪了(3) I saw her as I was shopping(两个动作同时发生)当我购物时,我看到了她二、 表示先、或者后,即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。常见的引导词:after(在.之后),before(在.之前)1. Afte
7、r the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.在孩子们睡觉之后,她开始准备她的课了。(从句的动作发生在主句之前,所以从句用了过去完成时)2. He had learned English for three years before he went to London.在他去伦敦之前,他已经学了三年的英语了。(主句的动作发生在从句之前,所以主句用了过去完成时)3. He ran off before I could stop him.在我能阻止他之前他跑掉了。(主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生,时态一致)三、 表示
8、持续性或瞬间性。常见引导词:since(自从),ever since (自从),until (直到才), till(直到才)1.He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到这个学校他就学习很努力(主句中studied 延续性的动作,从句中came瞬间性动作)2.I have known him ever since he was a child.自从他是个小孩的时候我就认识他了。(主句中known 延续性的动作,从句中was瞬间性动作)3.He watched TV untill/till his mother came
9、back.他看电视直到他的妈妈回来。(主句中watched 延续性的动作,从句中came瞬间性动作)till和until区别1.一般情况下两者可以互换,但在强调句型中多用until。2.till不可以用于句首,until可用于句首3.用于肯定句中主句的动词只能是延续性的动词,用于否定句中,主句的动词可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词Since引导的时间抓状语从句的谓语动词,可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的。一般情况下从句谓语动词是一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。但是在it is +时间+since从句的句型中,从句用一般过去时.此时从句中的动词分两种情况(1) It is +时间+since+
10、非延续性动词,译为:自从从句动作发生以来已经多长时间了(2) It is +时间+since+延续性动词,译为:自从从句动作结束已经多长时间了Eg:It is 4 years since I came here我来这已经四年了(came非延续性动词)It is 4 years since I lived here我不在这住已经4年了(lived延续性动词)原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词:because(因为),as(由于),since(既然)now that(既然),for(因为,引导的是并列句)1. because表示直接的原因。语气最强Why提问的句子必须用because回答becau
11、se的从句通常放在主句之后because不能和so连用because+从句。because of+名词短语I went to school late because I got up late.我上学迟到了是因为我起床晚了。Why didnt he come here?Because he was ill.他为什么没来,因为他生病了2. as“因为”,语气较弱,一般放在主句前,中间用逗号隔开,表示的是明显的原因As he was not well,I decided to go there alone.因为他身体不好,我决定独自去那As it was raining hard,we had t
12、o stay at home.因为雨下的很大,我们不得不待在家3、 since/nowthat“既然”,一般放在主句前,中间用逗号隔开,表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实Since/Nowthatyoufeelill,youdbetternotgotowork.既然你觉得不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。Since/Now that this way doesnt work,lets try another.既然这种方式行不通,那咱们就尝试另一种。4.for的用法:for是并列连词,引出的原因较间接,似乎是事后所想到的补充解释的理由,只陈述一般推断的理由,不一定表示产生结果的必然原因。只能放在主句之
13、后,不能放在句首,常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨天晚上下雨了,因为地是湿的。Shemusthavegoneoutearly,forshehadnotcomeforbreakfast.她一定出去的很早,因为她没来吃早饭。目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连接词有:so that(以便),in order that(为了),in case(以防)。从句中常常使用一些情态动词can,could,may,might,should,will,would1. He got up early so that
14、he can catch up with the bus.=He got up early to catch up the bus.他早起以便能赶上公交车。2. He was working hard in order that he can pass the examination.=He was working hard to pass the examination.他努力学习是为了能通过考试。3. You need go home in case your family need you.你应该回家以防你的家人需要你。结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连接词:so.that(如此.以至于)
15、,such.that(如此.以至于)So+形容词/副词+that+从句Such+形容词+名词+that+从句So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that+从句1. He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑的如此的快以至于没人能够追上他。2. He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.=He is so young a boy that he cant go to school.他太小了以至于不能去上学但是如果名词前有many/much/littl