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1、高中英语语法 高考复习/学习专题讲义英语动词时态用法归纳总结现在完成时、现在完成进行时现在完成时1.构成have / has +动词的过去分词2.基本用法(1)表示一个过去发生或已完成的动作对现在影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况（表示“已完成”）。如：Ive had two letters from him.我已收到他的两封信。He has left the city.他已离开这个城市。Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。I have seen you before, but I cant remember where.我以前见过你，但是不记得在哪里了。
2、Have you finished your homework?你做完作业了吗？(2)表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也可能还会持续下去（表示“未完成”）。如：Since then, he has developed another bad habit.自那以后,它养成了另一种环习惯。They have been friends ever since they were in grade school.他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。How long have you been here?你来多久了？We havent seen each other for ages.我们好久没见面了。Ive
3、finished half so far.到目前为止我只完成一半。注：非延续性动词不能与表示一般时间的状语连用。如：误：He has died for two years.他死了两年了。正：He has been dead for two years.正：He died two years ago.误：The film has begun for ten minutes.电影开演十分钟了。正：The film has been on for ten minutes.正：The film began ten minutes ago.(3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的
4、动作。例如：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.我做完作业后去你家。If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.如果中午雪停了，我们就去公园。Ill go to bed when Ive finished my homework.我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。(4)现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作。如：He has always gone to work by bike.他总是骑自行车上班。3.与现在完成时连用的常用词语能与现在完成时连用词语很多，j
5、ust, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等，但常见的有：(1) since自从，如：I have been there many times since the war.自那次战争以来，我曾去该地多次。We havent seen each other since last week.自上周以来我们一直未见过面。We have been friends ever since.自此以后我们一直是朋友。有时可用其它时态。如：It seems like years since we last met.我们似乎几年未见面了。It is five
6、years since he came here.他来这里五年了。(2) so far到目前为止，如：So far we have learned 2000 English words.目前为止我们已学了两千个英语单词了。So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.到目前为止,还没有找到那失踪的中年妇女。We havent had any trouble so far.到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。(3) in / for / during the past / last years在过去/
7、最近中：Ive been ill for the past three weeks.我三周来一直在生病。Great changes have taken place in the last three years最近三年我们学校发生很大变化。I have been here (for) the last / past month.最近一个月里我都在这儿。(4) up to / until now到现在为止，如：Up to now hes been quiet.他直到此刻仍保持沉默。I have heard nothing from him up to now.到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。
8、Up until now we have planted over 20000 trees.到目前为止我们已经种了两万棵树了。Up to now, the work has been easy.到现在为止这工作还算容易。Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个汽车修理部发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。(5) Its / will be t
9、he first / second time that这是第一/二次，如：Its the first time Ive been here.这是我第一次来这儿。Dont forget, itll be the first time Ive spoken in public.别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。It is the second time I have met here today.这是我今天第二次见到他了。4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果，与现在有联系;而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去，不涉及对现在的影响。比较：Has the plane
10、 arrived?飞机到达了吗？When did it arrive?什么时候到的？He has bought a car.他买了一部车。He bought a house two years ago.他两年前买了一部车。5. have been to和have gone to的区别两者均可后接地点，have been to表示去过某地，现在不在某地；have gone to表示到某地去了，现在不在此地。比较：She has gone to Pairs.他去了巴黎。（现在不在这儿）She has been toParis(three times).他去过巴黎(三次)。(现不在巴黎)Have y
11、ou ever been to American?你曾经去过美国吗？I have been to the post office.我刚去过邮局。现在完成进行时1.构成have / has been +动词的现在分词。2.基本用法(1)表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如：The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning.整个早上办公室里的电话铃声不断。Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire
12、 began.自那时以来,他们一直在设法查明起火的原因。What have you been doing since I last saw you?自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么？In the past few years they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully.在过去的几年中他们与好几家跨国公司做生意一直做得很成功。(2)现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论：She is very tired. Shes been typing letters all d
13、ay.她很累了，她整天都在打信件。Her eyes are red. She has been crying.她眼睛红了。她一直在哭。(3)有时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。如：They have been seeing each other recently.最近他们常常见面。3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别(1)现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作；而现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作。如：He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。(还在写)He has written a letter.他写了一封信。（已完成）(2)少数动词如work,
14、 study, live, teach, stay等,用这两种时态含义差不多,只是在强调动作的持续性时，用现在完成进行时更多一些。如：How long has your brother worked / been working in this factory?你哥哥在这家工厂工作多久了？Ive lived / been living here since I taught in this school.自从我在这所学校任教以来就一直住在这儿。(3)现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：I have waited for two hours.我等了两小时。(陈述事实)I have been waiting for two hours.我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)学科网（北京）股份有限公司
