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1、上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习【考点讲解】一、肯定句改为否定句在做此类题时，通常在系动词、助动词和情态动词后加not (nt)。如果句中没有这些词，则根据谓语动词的原形、第三人称单数动词形式或过去式而分别在其前面加do not (dont), does not (doesnt) 或did not (didnt), 并将第三人称单数动词形式或过去式改为原形。如：We can finish the work this afternoon. We cant finish the work this afternoon.They put the basket under the tree just n
2、ow. They didnt put the basket under the tree just now.注意：1. 当think, believe, suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：I think they can come tonight. I dont think they can come tonight.2. 当must表示推测，表示“一定；肯定”的含义时，否定句应用cant。如：He must be in the room. He cant be in the room.二、陈述句改为疑问句陈述句改为疑问句一般有三种情
3、况：一是改为一般疑问句，二是改为反意疑问句。如:1. The students had learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term. （改为 一般疑问句） Had the students learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term?2. The twins have never been to the Summer Palace, have they? （完成反意疑问句）三、对划线部分提问。对划线部分提问，就是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，
4、使之成为一个特殊疑问句。当对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。对其他成分提问，用“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”。如：1. Tom will be back in ten days. （对划线部分提问） Who will be back in ten days?2. He writes to his father once a month. （对划线部分提问） How often does he write to his father?四、同义句改写1根据句意改写主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。如：1. Li Hu
5、a and Zhang Ming are the same age. Li Hua is _ _ _ Zhang Ming.【答案】as old / young as。第一句的意思是“李华和张明同岁”，第二句是说“李华和张明年纪一样大”。2. How many people live in France? _ _ the population of France?【答案】What is。第一句的意思是“法国有多少人?”第二句的意思是“法国的人口有多少?” 3. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could. The
6、runner _ to keep up with the others though he _ his _.【答案】failed; tried; best。第一句意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是落在了别人的后面。第二句的意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是跟不上别人。4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name . We _ _ _ _ before talking. 【答案】told each others names。第一句意思是：谈话前，他告诉了我他的名字，我也告诉他我的名字。第二句的意思是：谈话前
7、，我们相互告知了对方的名字。5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year. More than one year has _ since she _ Shanghai.【答案】passed; left。第一句的意思是：她离开上海已经一年多了。第二句的意思是：自从她离开上海，一年多已经过去了。6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right. Walk down the street, then _ _ at the third crossing.【答
8、案】turn right。两句都是告知他人去某地的路线的常用语，其句意都是：沿着这条街走，然后在第三个拐弯处右转。2利用从句改写即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ with a lady.【答案】who / that; is talking。定语从句who / that gave us a talk last week修饰先行词the man。2. He didnt want to
9、miss the first bus, so he got up early. He got up early _ _ he could catch the first bus.【答案】so that。目的状语从句so that he could catch the first bus说明动词got up early的目的。3. “Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her. David asked her _ _ _ well last night.【答案】if / whether she slept。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语
10、是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。 4. Come on, or well miss the early bus. _ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 【答案】 If; don t。if 引导条件状语从句。句意为：如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换。5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework. John _ to bed _ he finished his homework.【答案】didnt; until。notu
11、ntil表示“直到才”的意思。3利用so do I改写“so动词主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物) 也如此”。“neithernor 动词主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人(物) 也不”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：1.）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2.）动词在时态上与前句呼应；3.）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4.）表示否定时，neithernor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. Jim wants
12、to go boating, and _ _ his parents. 【答案】so do。主语是复数his parents, 时态是一般现在时，助动词用do。2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too. I like playing tennis, _ _ he. 【答案】so does。主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词用does。4利用连词改写运用关联连词(组) both.and, neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合
13、并为一个简单句，注意neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 1. Lucy cant sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily cant sing it, either. _ Lucy_ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More. 【答案】Neither; nor。neither.nor表示 “(两者) 都不”。 2. My father isnt a history teacher. My mot
14、her isnt a history teacher, either. _ my father _ my mother _ a history teacher.【答案】Neither; nor; is。neither nor 作句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。3. Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. _ Alice_ Sandy have seen the film twice.【答案】Both; and。bothand 表示“(两者)都”。4. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes.【答案】not only; but also。not only.but also示“不仅而且”之意。5利用介词短语改写1. We have friends in the whole world. Our
