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1、阅读理解之篇章结构题篇章结构题的考查对象是整个篇章或其中的某个段落。考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。在高考阅读题中，这是一种较为新颖的考查方式，已经成为一种独立的题型。一、篇章结构题的题干表现形式：1. The passage is organized in order of_.2.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？3. What is mos
2、t likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?4. How does the passage develop?二、篇章结构题的解答这种题型可分为两种：考查对文章整体结构的把握；考查根据现有文章预测后文内容的能力。1.对于文章段落的发展方法题，关键在于找出篇章或段落中表示层次发展的关键词，如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的关联词等等。一般可通过仔细阅读文章，并根据其内在逻辑关系及内容来进行判断。2.对于推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点题，同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断。这些推断往往不是凭空臆
3、断，同学们需要重点依据篇章最后一段(特别是最后一句话)作出判断。作者总会给读者充分的证据对文章的发展进行推测：或是说明了两个对象中的一个；或是只讲了区别，没讲联系；或是只给出了理论解释，而缺少事例的证明。三、篇章结构题的解题技巧1.作者为文，有脉可循。文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。这就要求学生不但要理解文章的细节内容，还要把握文章的整体结构和行文脉络，即句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系，切忌只注重词和句的理解而忽视对语篇结构的分析。2.合理分析，准确推断。由于题目提问方式较为单一，无非是文章或段落的发展方法，因此解题的关键在于找出文章或段落中表示层次发展的关键
4、词如记叙文以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述文则包含论点、论据、论证三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，在大脑中勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。2011重庆阅读理解C篇Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，pe
5、ople thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did
6、 the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry ，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out. Th
7、ough the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standard
8、s of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously t
9、ry to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.66. How does the pa
10、ssage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance.(2011陕西卷阅读理解D篇)Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s，genetically modified (GM，转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and mar
11、keted in many countries in the world，mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems？Even if it would，is it the best solution?Despite what it promises，GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of an
12、y crop. In fact，studies show that the most widely grown GM crop，GM soybeans，has suffered reduced productivity. For instance，a report that analyzed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else，ho
13、wever，has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive，GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂).On the contrary，US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “T
14、he promise was that you could use fewer chemicals and boost production. But neither is true，” said Bill Christison，President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.At the same time，the authors of the book World Hunger：Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and
15、 that the hunger crisis is not caused by production，but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile，the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than for food，according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter
16、 of fact，scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger，because better ways out are available，among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.57. The author develops the second paragraph mainly _.A. by classificationB. by comparisonC. by example
