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1、Headline 标题1. Learning Objectives：1)Vocabulary building: Students need to acquaint themselves with the new words and expressions 2)Knowledge: Students will learn about headline in news reports.3)Reading skill: Students will appreciate the language and sentence structure as well as some description i
2、n details.4)Writing skill：Students will be introduced the definition and functions of headline, Linguistic features of headlines.2. Teaching periods: 63. Difficulties：1. Objectively description about activities details.2. Relationship between the leader of China and U.S.4. Teaching practice：Students
3、 conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing practice to deepen their understanding of the points taught in class.5. Teaching methods：A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interact
4、ion. Give students time to adapt to the new teaching mode in the university that are quite different from the one they were used to in the middle school. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study.I. DefinitionThe headline is the most attracti
5、ve part of a piece of news. It comes into audiences eyes when they open a piece of newspaper. The headline is a “synthesis,” a crystallization, a distillation put into a capsule for easy swallowing. Here, crystallization means “easy to read,” distillation means “very well written” and capsule means
6、“very well structured.”II. Types of headlinesThere are two types of headlines. Most news stories use sentence headlines although they may be shortened by omitting certain words as you will see later. Many feature stories and some very short news stories use phrase headlines or titles which leave out
7、 the verb. Here are some examples of both: Sentence headlines Doctors AIDS Death Renews Debate on Who Should Know Pen Manufacturers Still See Good Future for Luxury Pens Phrase headlinesGetting in Touch with the Spirits Heroism and Cowardice at the “Top of the World” Reward for Tracing Suspect The g
8、rammar of sentence headlinesAlmost all sentence headlines use the present tense-despite the fat that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read. Headlines pack a great deal of information into a limi
9、ted space, so it is not surprising that headline writers use several methods to conserve space. One obvious example is to use abbreviations(“PM” for “Prime Minister,” etc.). But they also use a special grammar, omitting articles(“a” and “the”) and the verb “to be” wherever possible. III. Purposes& f
10、unctions of headlinesa. to advertise newsb. to tell the gist of the accompanying newsc. to help the reader evaluate the newsd. to break the monotony of a newspaper pageIV. Tenses1.The simple present tense is used to describe past action.to conserve space, -s is shorter than ed;to give reader fresh i
11、mpressionENT doctor dies at 86Mount St. Helens erupts after 50 years silence2.The future tense is expressed by an infinitive verbLargest Chinese trade delegation to visit US in Nov.Japanese dash to US to say I do3.The present progressive tense is expressed by an ing verb to indicate the continuity o
12、f an action of an event.Death toll in quake-hit Kobe growingV. VoicesAs for voices, active voice is more colorful and appealing, more forward and powerful in transferring meanings. So in headlines it is more often used than passive voice, like “Fed expected to cut key rates to lowest since early 60s
13、 by a half-point.” But passive voice is also used when the person or subject receiving the action is more important, but here “be” is often omitted as in “Journalist fired in spy debate,” “37 killed in Italian plane crash.”VI. OmissionsThe omission of Articles and Pronouns:Israel, Palestine to resum
14、e peace talksNBCs President Robert Wright seeks big acquisitions, ventures for the networkIn the following cases, “the” cannot be omitted:if “the” is among a set phraseif “the” is used to make up the spaceif “the” is to cover the picture belowVII. Punctuations Comma(,) conjunction endColon(:) introd
15、uce what a speaker saysDash（-）introduce what a speaker says Political efforts vital to reform-Party leader World unity against terrorism needed-Blair French professor: Malaria still menaces quarter of humanity Chinese cooks: masters at turning turnip into flowerShort, dynamic wordingAnother way to c
16、onserve space in headlines is to use short words instead of long ones. In the example below notice the various ways the headline writer can shorten the headline “MP Criticises Dishonest Election Plan.” About one hundred easily-learned short words are always used in news headlines.probe-investigate, investig
