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1、 新译林版英语八年级上册阅读理解归纳概括题此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段）、作者的写作目的等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。这类题常见的命题方式有：1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. What does this passage mainly talk about?3. The main theme of this passage is _.4. The main point of the passage is _.5. Whi
2、ch of the following is the best title for the passage?6. The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _.7. The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is _.8. Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?【解题技巧】领会全文大意，灵活运用判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的主题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的主题通常
3、反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题。如新闻报道第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)。但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中。主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。在阅读理解时，归纳概括的题型可分为主题型(找出文章的 main idea),标题型(即选择合适的title)和目的型（寻找作者写作的 purpose）。【例】54. The passage is mainly about _. （09 北京中考第 54 小题，阅读理解 B 篇）A. the rules of behavior in p
4、ublicB. the easy of communicationC. the acts of kindness among peopleD. the knowledge of social life本题问及文章的大意。通过跳读（skimming ）我们知道这篇文章有六段描述在公众场合如何表现，所以 A 是正确答案。细节理解题细节理解题常出现在应用文中,一般针对某个特定细节而提出问题，难度小，属浅层理解，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。细节类问题的命题方式有：1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information i
5、n the passage?2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3. What is the example of. as described in the passage?4. The author mentions all of the following except.5. The reason for. is.1 6. The author states that.7. According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc).【解题技巧】1.通读全文，领悟
6、大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意以下几个方面：数字、日期和时间等；同位语、破折号、括号和省略号等；表示附加说明的词，如：by the way,besides, whats more,in addition to, including, as well as等；倒装句及加强语气的词，如 aboveall, mainly,mostly, certainly, indeed等。2. 选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。【例】61. Who will be guests at the party? (09辽宁锦州卷)A.The children of Mr Wilso
7、n.B. The Marleys.C. Mr Wilson and his wife.D. Mr and Mrs Marley.The children of and Mrs Marley invite you,Mr and Mrs Wilson,to a party!Join us for food, fun and a crazy time to celebrate:the 50th birthday of Richard MarleyOn Friday, July 13th, From 2 pm to 9 pmat Golden Sun ParkRemember to bring you
8、r swimsuits and dancing shoes. Call or email us for directions to the partyor arrange for a ride.Tel: (605) 392-4814E-mail: 本题是考核学生根据上下文全面理解和进行正确判断的能力。做题时要重点看好 Who，guests 的问题，这是一封请柬，被邀请的才是客人，所以答案是。语句理解题要求正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。语句理解类问题的命题方式有：1. The underlined w
9、ord in the paragraph refers to / means _.2. What does “_” in paragraph. stand for /mean?3. “_” could best be replaced by which of the following?4. The expression/phrase “_” means _.5. The word “_” is closest in meaning to _.【解题技巧】透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。1 猜测词义要根据：上下文间意义的联系；同义
10、和反义关系；词的定义；对词的解释和举例以及构词法知识来进行。【例】 Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why peoplebehave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it.55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your _（. 09 北京中考 C 篇）A. illness and abilitiesB. t
11、houghts and behaviourC. mind and nervous systemD. physical activity and daily exercise通过仔细阅读分析这句话，找出医生和科学家们study the human mind（研究人的思想）和explain why people behave（解释人们的行为），可以找出 thoughts and behaviour，因此答案是B。点睛：Words, like people, are frequently known by the company they keep.A words context or surrou
12、ndings can provide clues to meaning.推理判断题主要对短文的结论、隐含意义、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查。纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申。有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。推理性问题与细节性问题相似，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，同学们出错也多，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。推理判断题的命题方式有：1. We can infer /
13、 conclude from the passage that _.2. It can be inferred / concluded (from the passage) that _.3. The passage / story / author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _.4. The author strongly suggests that _.5. What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?【解题技巧】读懂原文，抓住关键词、
14、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，做出准确的推断和引申。【例】You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to workthings out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you cant change a stressful situation.1 Sometimes you dont even want to. A big c
15、hange might be a good change, but it will still bestressful. （09 北京中考第 57 小题，阅读理解 C 篇）57. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that _.A. its difficult to change a stressful situationB. its not stressful when a good change takes placeC. a big change will cause another stressful situationD. a stressful situation cant be changed without any effort此题考查了学生在对文章语句理解基础之上的推断能力，通过抓住重点单词good, but, stil
